AP Human Geography- Unit 4, Part 1 – Flashcards
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Annexation
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Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
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Allocational/resource boundary dispute
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Conflict over the use of resources created or complicated by a political boundary
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Antarctica
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Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole
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Antecedent boundary
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A boundary line established before the area in question is well populated.
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Border landscape
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There are two types: exclusionary and inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the US-Mexico border. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the US-Canada border.
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Buffer state
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A country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater powers, which by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them.
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Capital
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Principle city in a state or country. The best place to locate a capital is at the center of a country so it is somewhat equal distance from all parts of the country
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Centrifugal
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Forces that divide a state
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Centripetal
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Forces that unite a state
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City-state
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A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
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Cleavage model
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A model designed for various political or ethnic cleavages
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Colonialism
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The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society
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Compact state
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A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
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Confederation
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A group of states united for a common purpose
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Conference of Berlin (1884)
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Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies
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Core area
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The largest population cluster, the most productive region, the area with greatest centrality and accessibility, probably containing the capital city as well.
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Cultural/ethnographic political boundary
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A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language.
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Decolonization
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The acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory.
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Definitional boundary dispute
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Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract
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Definition phase in boundary process
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Phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated
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Delimitation phase in boundary creation
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Phase in which the definition of a boundary is marked on an official cartographic representation
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Demarcation phase in boundary process
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Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall, or other means
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Devolution
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The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.
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Domino theory
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if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling to communism.
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EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)
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As established in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a zone of exploitation extending 200 nautical miles (370km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it.
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Electoral geography
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The study of the geographical elements of the organization and results of elections.
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Elongated state
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A state with a long, narrow shape
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Enclave
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A small bit of foreign territory lying within a state but not under its jurisdiction.
