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Geography

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the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere (ex. deserts, cliffs, islands, seas, waterfalls, etc.)

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Globalization

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actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope (ex.Some automobiles use parts from other countries, as in a car being assembled in the United States with the parts coming from Japan, Germany, or Korea.)

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Location

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the position of anything on earths surface (ex. any coordinates that lead to a specific point on earth)

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Site

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the physical characteristics of a place (ex. climate, water bodies, vegetation, soil, etc.)

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Situation

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the location of a place relative to other places or surroundings (ex. down past the courthouse)

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4 Types of Maps

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dot maps, isoline maps, choropleth maps, & proportional maps (ex. all dots are equal, usually used for climate, different shades of color, dots are not equal)

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Scale

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generally, the relationship between the proportion of Earth being studied, and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of the actual feature on earths surface (ex. a way to compare the size of the Earth as a whole and the size on the map)

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Distortion

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a change, twist, or exaggeration that makes something appear different from the way it really is (ex. stretching out the ocean waters on a map to make the land area more accurate)

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Toponym

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the name given to a portion of Earths surface (ex. georgia, florida, alabama, etc.)

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Mercator Projection

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a projection of the earth onto a cylinder; areas appear greater the farther they are from the equator (ex. the map is more accurate on location)

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Robinson Projection

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an equal-area projection map of the globe; oceans are distorted in order to minimize the distortion of the continents (ex. more accurate on land area)

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Isochrone

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a diagram or map connecting points relating to the same time or equal times (ex. looks like an isoline map)

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Absolute Location

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a place on earth based on a fixed point (ex. usually identified using longitude and latitude)

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Relative Location

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the location of something in comparison to the location of something else (ex. the big chicken, Kennesaw Mountain, etc)

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Absolute Distance

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The distance that can be measured with a standard unit length, such as a mile or kilometer. (ex. the mcdonalds is 4.1 miles away from my house)

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Relative Distance

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distance measured not in linear terms such as miles or kilometers but in terms such as cost and time (ex. it takes 10 minutes to get to my house)

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Regionalization

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the process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions (ex. just like the U.S. divided us North, South, East, and West)

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Formal/Uniform Regions

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one or more measurable, shared traits that distinguish them from the surrounding area (ex. of characteristics: language, religion, etc.) (ex. physical features: valleys, mountains, etc.)

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Functional/Nodal Region

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a system of interactions (ex. a bicycle tire; the central axel represents all the activity, the spokes represent links to outside areas through transportation, communication and trade)

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Perceptual/Vernacular Region

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the way people's feelings reflect an area (ex. "I LOVE living in Georgia!")

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Mental Map

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a persons point of view perception of their area of interaction (ex. I know that down the street is the Publix, Walgreens, and the UPS)

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Natural Landscape

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the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by mankind (ex. Kennesaw was a battlefield before it was a city)

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Built Landscape

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an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources (ex. New York, California, etc.)

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Cultural Landscape

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a combination of cultural features, economic features, and physical features (ex. landscapes that have there own way of living)

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Hearth

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the region from which innovative ideas originate (ex. Dodge car company originated in Michigan)

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Relocation Diffusion

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the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another (ex. because of hurricane Katrina many people moved north)

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Expansion Diffusion

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the spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process (ex. technology such as television, and the internet)

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Hierarchical Diffusion

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the spread of an idea from persons or nodes to authority or power to other persons or places (ex. an idea like building a new walmart spreads around the country and everyone builds one)

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Contagious Diffusion

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the rapid widespread diffusion of a feature or trent throughout a population (ex. any type of sickness, religion, etc.)

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Stimulus Diffusion

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the spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected (ex. mcdonalds in india changed their menu to chicken)

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GPS (Global Positioning System)

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a navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on earthy computing the time difference for signals for different satellites to reach the receiver (ex. the device that helps you travel from place to place)

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GIS (Geographic Information System)

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a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data (ex. the different ways you can look at a map)

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Remote Sensing

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the acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods (ex.using a satellite to look at the snowfall)

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Field Data

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a place where you can store data (ex. like a flash drive, computer, etc)

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Census Data

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the official count or or survey of a population (ex. there are 3.6 million people living in Atlanta)

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Qualitative Data

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categorical measurement expressed not in terms of numbers, but rather by means of a natural language description (ex. you are very tall, your feet are big, etc)

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Quantitative Data

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information that can be measured and written down with numbers (ex. your height, your shoe size, etc.)

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Environmental Determinism

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the belief that the physical environment affects social and cultural development (ex. the saying "island time" were life is easygoing compared to New York city where everything is crazy and always busy)

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Possibilism

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the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives (ex. living in Michigan you would have a house built so that it could withstand the snow)

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Distance Decay

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the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin (ex. going to a walmart far away you can get more stuff, rather than going to a grocery store nearby, and not being able to get as much)

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Space-Time Compression

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the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems (ex. taking the interstate)

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Arithmetic Density

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the total number of people divided by the total land area (ex. people/total land area)

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Physiological Density

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the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture (ex. singapore has a high physiological density)

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Agricultural Density

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the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture (ex. more developed state has less density than a southern state with more unused land)

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Dispersed

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distribute or spread over a wide area (ex. people spread across america)

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Clustered

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growing or situated in a group (ex. people in america)

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Urbanization

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a population shift from rural to urban areas (ex. people moving to Atl. from south Georgia)

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Global Ecology

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the study of the interactions among the Earth's ecosystems, land, atmosphere and oceans (ex. used to understand large scale interactions and how they influence the behavior of the entire planet, including the earth's responses to future change)

Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Vocab Test Questions – Flashcards

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