Ap Human Geography Unit 1 Answers – Flashcards
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Natural features and processes. Ex. Mountains
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Physical Geography
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How human activity affects/is influenced by the Earth's surface.
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Human Geography
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Grouping of regions that have common characteristics Ex. Middle East = Islamic
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Regional Geography
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What've we done to the environment (often negative) Ex. Fracking
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Environmental Geography
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Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. Ex. Football fields are found here because football is important to us.
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Cultural Landscape
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The science of mapmaking
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Cartography
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A 2D, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it
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Map
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To be a Reference Tool - find locations & Communication Tool - show geographic info.
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What's the purpose of a map?
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Reference map - location and navigation & Thematic map - displaying variables
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What are the two types of maps?
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Was the first to use the word "geography" and determined the circumference of the Earth. TIME: Greek
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Eratosthenes
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Was the first to produce a world map. TIME: Age of Exploration
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Geradus Mercator
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Was the first to describe the relationship between Man and Nature. TIME: Modern
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George Perkins Marsh
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Created the concept of cultural landscapes, and argued that it should be the main focus of geography. TIME: Modern
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Carl Sauer
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The relationship between a map's distance and the actual distance on Earth.
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Scale
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Large scale = Small area Ex. School map
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Large Scale
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Small scale = Large area Ex. World map
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Small Scale
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Remember the smaller the fraction the larger the area. (Inversely Related)
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What do you have to essentially remember about large and small scale maps?
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Fraction/Ratio (numbers), Written (statements), Graphic Bar(image)
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What are the three types of scales?
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Small scale (large area) maps
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When is distortion greatest?
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The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth to a flat map
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Map projection
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Distortion (They all lie)
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What do all maps have?
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Shape - appearance, Distance, Relative size - one area may appear larger than the other, Direction
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Types of distortion
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Used for direction, distorted near poles
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Mercator Projection
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Shows accurate sizes of landmasses, distortion near equator
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Peters Projection
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Cylindrical, old school. Only prime meridian & parallels are straight
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Mollweide Projection
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Minimal error. Good for oceans. Land areas are smaller.
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Robinsons Projection
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Shows map of the poles
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Azimuthal (Planar) Projection
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Bad for navigation, good for data
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Interrupted Projection (Goodes-Homosoline)
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(Rare) Most accurate of landmasses
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Fullers Projection
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Exact position of something, measured with the GPS
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Absolute Location
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Meridians. Vertical lines.
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Longitude
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Parallels. Horizontal lines.
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Latitude
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The central meridian at 0 degrees
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Prime meridian
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Longitude. 360 degrees / 24 = 15, meaning every 15 degrees east/west is a new time zone. (East clock ahead, West backward)
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How do you tell time: with longitude or latitude?
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Shows general info about climate & precipitation
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Climate Map
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Shows types of natural resources or economic activity
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Economic Map
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Shows physical features
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Physical Map
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Shows political boundaries
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Political map
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Shows roads
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Road Map
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Shows statistics in a pictorial way.
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Cartogram Map
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Shows elevation changes. The lines are called contour/isoline. The closer the lines the steeper it is. (Ex. Hikers use this)
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Topographic Map
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Shows the frequency of something using dots
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Dot Map
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Shows data using colors/tonal shadings (More = Darker)
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Choropleth Map
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Shows movement using arrows
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Flow-line Map
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Your perception of a place
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Cognitive or Mental Map
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A system that pinpoints the exact location of something using satellites, tracking stations, and receivers
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Global Position System (GPS)
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A computer that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. Used for thematic layers.
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Geographic Information System (GIS)
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The collection of data about Earth's surface using a satellite or other long-distance methods
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Remote Sensing
