Home Page Science Earth Science Cartography AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Flashcards Unit 7

AP Human Geography Flashcards Unit 7

Lesly Nixon

13 October 2020

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basic ratio

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A measure of a company's performance, calculated by dividing the earnings for the period available to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares that were outstanding during the period.

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basic sectors

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work that results in exports and inflowing money

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Burgess

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In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia.

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Bosnywash

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the heavily populated area extending from Boston to Washington and including New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore., the heavily populated area extending from Boston to Washington and including New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.

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census tract

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An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

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Central Business District

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The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

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Center City

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a city surrounded by suburbs

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Central place theory

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A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

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Christaller Walter

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German geographer who in the early 1930s first formulated central-place theory as a series of models designed to explain the spatial distribution of urban centers. Crucial to his theory is the fact that different goods and services vary both in threshold and in range

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city

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people living in a large densely populated municipality

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city-state

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a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

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complementary regions

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the merging of two regions for benefit

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concentric zone model

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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

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Councils of government

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cooperative agencies consisting of representatives from local governments in the region

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Disamenity sector

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The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.

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Edge cities

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clusters of large buildings away from the central business district

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export activities

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produce goods or services for areas outside the city.

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Feminization of poverty

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the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor

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Formative era

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time where the major urban hearths came into existance

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Gentrification

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the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

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Gettos

answer

place where jews were forced to live

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Greenbelts

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(in European cities) undeveloped area neighboring an urban area, often protected from development by planning law

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Hamlet

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a community of people smaller than a village

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Harris and Ullman

answer

developed multiple nuclei model explaining that large cities developed by spreading from several places of growth, not just one

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hierarchy of central places

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nesting of small hexagons within larger ones.

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Hoyt

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sector model

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Infrastructure

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the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area

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In situ accretion

answer

where less expensive homes and businesses seem to be in a chronic state of ongoing construction and renovation.

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Manufacturing city

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a city overrun with factories, supply facilities, the expansion of transport systems, and the consturction of tenements for a growing labor force.

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Megacity

answer

urban area over 10 mil. People

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Megalopolis

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a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)

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Megastores

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huge stores with a wide variety of products designed for one stop shopping

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Mercantile city

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a city in which a central square became the focus of the city flanked by royal, religious, public, and private buildings: streets leading to such squares formed the beginnings of a downtown

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Metropolitan area

answer

a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it

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Metropolitan statistical area

answer

area with a city of 50 thousand or more people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city.

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Micropolitian statistical area

answer

A smaller unit of analysis with only about 10,000 inhabitanta in its area

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Multiple-nuclei model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

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Multiplier effect

answer

An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

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Nucleated

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with one or more clear core areas, a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings

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Peripheral model

answer

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

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Physical city

answer

a continuous development that contains a central city and many nearby cities, towns, and suburbs

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Primate cities

answer

A city which is greater than two times the next largest city in a nation (or contains over one-third of a nation's population). The primate city is usually very expressive of the national culture and often the capital city.

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Public housing

answer

a housing development that is publicly funded and administered for low-income families

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Rank-size rule

answer

In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.

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Rush hours

answer

The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

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Sector model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

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Settlement geography

answer

the patterns of settlement on the earth's surface

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Smart growth

answer

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

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Social area analysis

answer

puts together information from the census tracts to create and overall picture of how various types of people are distrbuted within a broader area, like a city

question

Special-function cities

answer

cities are dominated by one activity such as mining, manufacturing or recreation and serving national and international markets.

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Sprawl

answer

an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about, Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

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States

answer

independent political units with territorial boundaries that are internationally recognized by other states

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Suburbs

answer

Residential areas surrounding a city. Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people.

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Town

answer

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

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Transportation centers

answer

Cities where major routes converge - roads, railroads, sea traffic, and air transportation

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Urban area

answer

a geographical area constituting a city or town, a geographical area constituting a city or town

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Urban elite

answer

a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives of others

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Urban empire

answer

A nation or group of territories ruled by a single, powerful leader or emperor

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Urban geography

answer

The study of how people use space in cities, a subfield of geography the focuses especially on urban places, their chraracteristics, processes of genesis and growth, their systems relative location, and interrelationships

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Urban hierarchy

answer

a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions

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Urban influence zone

answer

Areas outside the city that are affected by it., An area outside of a city that is nevertheless affected by the city

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Urban renewal

answer

the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums

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Wirth, Louis

answer

was an American sociologist and member of the Chicago school of sociology.

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World city

answer

Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.

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Zone in transition

answer

An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban

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Zone of maturity

answer

the rate that a zone takes to mature.

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Zoning ordinances

answer

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.

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question

basic ratio

answer

question

basic sectors

answer

work that results in exports and inflowing money

question

Burgess

answer

In colonial times, a member of the lower house of the legislature of Maryland or Virginia.

question

Bosnywash

answer

question

census tract

answer

An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

question

Central Business District

answer

The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

question

Center City

answer

a city surrounded by suburbs

question

Central place theory

answer

question

Christaller Walter

answer

question

city

answer

people living in a large densely populated municipality

question

city-state

answer

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

question

complementary regions

answer

the merging of two regions for benefit

question

concentric zone model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

question

Councils of government

answer

cooperative agencies consisting of representatives from local governments in the region

question

Disamenity sector

answer

The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.

question

Edge cities

answer

clusters of large buildings away from the central business district

question

export activities

answer

produce goods or services for areas outside the city.

question

Feminization of poverty

answer

the trend of women making up an increasing proportion of the poor

question

Formative era

answer

time where the major urban hearths came into existance

question

Gentrification

answer

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

question

Gettos

answer

place where jews were forced to live

question

Greenbelts

answer

(in European cities) undeveloped area neighboring an urban area, often protected from development by planning law

question

Hamlet

answer

a community of people smaller than a village

question

Harris and Ullman

answer

developed multiple nuclei model explaining that large cities developed by spreading from several places of growth, not just one

question

hierarchy of central places

answer

nesting of small hexagons within larger ones.

question

Hoyt

answer

sector model

question

Infrastructure

answer

the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area

question

In situ accretion

answer

where less expensive homes and businesses seem to be in a chronic state of ongoing construction and renovation.

question

Manufacturing city

answer

a city overrun with factories, supply facilities, the expansion of transport systems, and the consturction of tenements for a growing labor force.

question

Megacity

answer

urban area over 10 mil. People

question

Megalopolis

answer

a very large urban complex (usually involving several cities and towns)

question

Megastores

answer

huge stores with a wide variety of products designed for one stop shopping

question

Mercantile city

answer

a city in which a central square became the focus of the city flanked by royal, religious, public, and private buildings: streets leading to such squares formed the beginnings of a downtown

question

Metropolitan area

answer

a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it

question

Metropolitan statistical area

answer

area with a city of 50 thousand or more people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city.

question

Micropolitian statistical area

answer

A smaller unit of analysis with only about 10,000 inhabitanta in its area

question

Multiple-nuclei model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

question

Multiplier effect

answer

An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

question

Nucleated

answer

with one or more clear core areas, a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings

question

Peripheral model

answer

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

question

Physical city

answer

a continuous development that contains a central city and many nearby cities, towns, and suburbs

question

Primate cities

answer

question

Public housing

answer

a housing development that is publicly funded and administered for low-income families

question

Rank-size rule

answer

In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.

question

Rush hours

answer

The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

question

Sector model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

question

Settlement geography

answer

the patterns of settlement on the earth's surface

question

Smart growth

answer

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

question

Social area analysis

answer

puts together information from the census tracts to create and overall picture of how various types of people are distrbuted within a broader area, like a city

question

Special-function cities

answer

cities are dominated by one activity such as mining, manufacturing or recreation and serving national and international markets.

question

Sprawl

answer

an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about, Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

question

States

answer

independent political units with territorial boundaries that are internationally recognized by other states

question

Suburbs

answer

Residential areas surrounding a city. Shops and businesses moved to suburbia as well as people.

question

Town

answer

the people living in a municipality smaller than a city

question

Transportation centers

answer

Cities where major routes converge - roads, railroads, sea traffic, and air transportation

question

Urban area

answer

a geographical area constituting a city or town, a geographical area constituting a city or town

question

Urban elite

answer

a group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources, and sometimes the lives of others

question

Urban empire

answer

A nation or group of territories ruled by a single, powerful leader or emperor

question

Urban geography

answer

question

Urban hierarchy

answer

a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions

question

Urban influence zone

answer

Areas outside the city that are affected by it., An area outside of a city that is nevertheless affected by the city

question

Urban renewal

answer

the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums

question

Wirth, Louis

answer

was an American sociologist and member of the Chicago school of sociology.

question

World city

answer

Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.

question

Zone in transition

answer

An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban

question

Zone of maturity

answer

the rate that a zone takes to mature.

question

Zoning ordinances

answer

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.

AP Human Geography Flashcards Unit 7

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