AP Human Geography Chapter Six – Flashcards
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acculturation
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cultural modification or change that results when one culture group or individual adopts traits of a dominant or host society; cultural development or change through "borrowing"
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adaptation
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In immigration, the term summarizes how individuals, households, and communities respond and adjust to new experiences and social and cultural surroundings.
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amalgamation theory
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In ethnic geography, the concept that multiethnic societies become a merger of the culture traits of their member groups.
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assimilation
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a two-part behavioral and structural process by which the minority population reduces or loses completely its identifying cultural characteristics and blends into the host society.
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behavioral (cultural) assimilation
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the process of integration into a common cultural life through acquisition of the sentiments, attitudes, and experiences of other groups.
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chain migration
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the process by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of friendship or kinship between first movers and later followers.
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charter group
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In plural societies, the early arriving ethnic group that created the first effective settlement and established the recognized cultural norms to which other, later groups are expected to conform.
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cluster migration
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a pattern of movement and settlement resulting from the collective action of a distinctive social or ethnic group.
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colony
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In ethnic geography, an urban ethnic area serving as point of entry and temporary acculturation zone for a specific immigrant group.
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culture rebound
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the re-adoption by later generations of cultural traits and identities associated with immigrant forebears or ancestral homelands.
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ethnic enclave
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a small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture.
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ethnic geography
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the study of spatial distributions and interactions of ethnic groups and of the cultural characteristics on which they are based.
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ethnic group
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people sharing a distinctive culture, frequently based on common national origin, religion, language, or race.
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ethnic island
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a small rural area settled by a single, distinctive ethnic group that placed its imprint on the landscape.
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ethnicity
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ethnic quality; affiliation with a group whose racial, cultural, religious, or linguistic characteristics or national origins distinguish it from a larger population within which it is found.
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ethnic province
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a large territory, urban and rural, dominated by or closely associated with a single ethnic group.
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ethnocentrism
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conviction of the evident superiority of one's own ethnic group.
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first effective settlement
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the influence that the characteristics of an early dominant settlement group exert on the later social and cultural geography of an area.
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gene flow
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the transfer of genes of one breeding population into the gene pool of another through interbreeding.
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genetic drift
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a chance modification of gene flow occurring in an isolated population and becoming accentuated through interbreeding.
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ghetto
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a forced or voluntary segregated residential area housing a racial, ethnic, or religious minority.
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host society
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the established and dominant society within which immigrant groups seek accommodation.
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natural selection
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the process resulting in the reproductive success of individuals or groups best adapted to their environment, leading to the perpetuation of their genetic qualities.
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race
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a subset of human population whose members share certain distinctive, inherited biological characteristics.
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segregation
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a measure of the degree to which members of a minority group are not uniformly distributed among the total population.
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social distance
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a measure of the perceived degree of social separation between individuals, ethnic groups, neighborhoods, or other groupings; the voluntary or enforced segregation of two or more distinct social groups for most activities.
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structural assimilation
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the distribution of immigrant ethnics among the groups and social strata of a host society, but without their full behavioral assimilation into it.
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tipping point
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the degree of neighborhood racial or ethnic mixing that induces the former majority group to move out rapidly.
