AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Flashcards
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Asian Dragons
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South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. (All successful in the international trade model.)
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Brandt Line
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The Brandt Line is an imaginary division that has provided a rough way of dividing all of the countries in the world in to the rich north and poor south.
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Core-Periphery
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A model that describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi-peripheral and peripheral regions.
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Developing Country
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A developing country, also called a less developed country or underdeveloped country, is a nation with an underdeveloped industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Developed Country
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A developed country, industrialized country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
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Development
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The process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.
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Fair Trade
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Trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries.
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Foreign Direct Investment
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A foreign direct investment (FDI) is a controlling ownership in a business enterprise in one country by an entity based in another country.
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GEM-Gender Empowerment Measure
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The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is a measure of inequalities between men's and women's opportunities in a country. It combines inequalities in three areas: political participation and decision making, economic participation and decision making, and power over economic resources.
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GDI-Gender-Related Development Index
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The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is an index designed to measure of gender equality. GDI together with the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) were introduced in 1995 in the Human Development Report written by the United Nations Development Program.
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Relatively Developed Country
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Same as developed country.
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More Developed Country
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Same as developed country.
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Gross Domestic Production
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the broadest quantitative measure of a nation's total economic activity. More specifically, GDP represents the monetary value of all goods and services produced within a nation's geographic borders over a specified period of time.
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Human Development Index
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
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Less Developed Country
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Same as developing country.
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Literacy Rate
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This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age.
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Millennium Development Goals
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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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Primary Sector
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The primary sector of the economy is the sector of an economy making direct use of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining. In contrast, the secondary sector produces manufactured goods, and the tertiary sector produces services.
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Secondary Sector
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The secondary sector of the economy includes those economic sectors that produce a finished, usable product: production and construction.
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Tertiary Sector
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The tertiary sector of the economy (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three economic sectors, the others being the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing) and the primary sector (agriculture, fishing, and extraction such as mining).
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Quaternary Sector
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The quaternary sector of the economy is a way to describe a knowledge-based part of the economy - which typically includes services such as information technology, information-generation and -sharing, media, and research and development, as well as knowledge-based services like consultation, education, financial. (No longer exists)
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Structural Adjustment Program
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Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) are economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the early 1980s by the provision of loans conditional on the adoption of such policies.
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Productivity
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The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.
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Rostow's Model
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The Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth model is one of the major historical models of economic growth. It was published by American economist Walt Whitman Rostow in 1960. The model postulates that economic growth occurs in five basic stages, of varying length: Traditional society. (Mostly used by communist societies.)
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Self Sufficiency
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Self-sufficiency (also called self-containment) is the state of not requiring any aid, support, or interaction, for survival; it is therefore a type of personal or collective autonomy. On a national scale, a totally self-sufficient economy that does not trade with the outside world is called an autarky.
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Transnational Corp.
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A transnational corporation (TNC) is a huge company that does business in several countries. Many TNCs are much richer than entire countries in the less developed world.
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Value Added
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Value added is a higher portion of revenue for integrated companies, e.g., manufacturing companies, and a lower portion of revenue for less integrated companies, e.g., retail companies.
