Ap Human Geography Chapter 7: Ethnicity Test Questions – Flashcards
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race
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shares the same biological ancestor
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ethnicity definition
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shares cultural traditions
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nationality
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shares a legal attachment and personal allegiance as a result of being born there
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what is the best hope for preservation of local diversity?
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Ethnicity
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What will happen to ethnicity when globalization engulfs language, religion, etc.?
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Ethnicity will remain
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Asian
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defines almost the same group as a race or ethnicty
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African-American and Blacks
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different groups: some blacks trace their culture heritage to regions other than Africa
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Hispanic
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not a race: Can be white, black, or other
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Hispanic person
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someone from a spanish speaking country
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Latino
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someone from Latin America
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Where are Hispanic-Americans clustered?
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in Southwest because its closest to Latin America
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Self-determination
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concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
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What does the desire to govern yourselves (self-determination) do?
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transforms ethnicities into nationalities
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what is a Nation-State?
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state who's boundary corresponds to a particular ethnicity
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example of a nation-state
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no perfect nation-state exists (closest is Denmark)
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What is nationalism?
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loyalty and devotion to a nation
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centripetal force
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unifies the people ex:nation's flag, 9/11
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centrifugal force
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divides a state ex: forcing a religion on those opposed, civil wars, variety of ethnicities
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Where are nation-states mostly found?
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Northern Europe
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Why are European borders nicely drawn compared to Sub Saharan Africa's borders?
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Colonization
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is Africa a nation-state?
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No, its the opposite
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when were the western powers in Africa colonized?
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mid 1800s
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What divided Africa into 50 countries?
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14 colonial powers
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How were the decisions to divide Africa into countries made?
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without concerns for culture, language, or history
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Multination State
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contains 2 or more groups with a tradition of self-determination
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4 nationalities of the UK
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England, Wales,Scotland (term British refers to these three) and Northern Irish
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What is the largest multinational state?
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Russia/Former Soviet Union
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What happened to the 15 republics of the Soviet Union when it fell?
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they became independent states
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how many nationalities exist in Russia?
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39 (Largest amount)
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Why did Russia prevent Chechnya from gaining independence?
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fear that other ethnicities would follow in suit (they'd want independence) and oil
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Where are African Americans clustered and why?
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Southeast due to the former slave states clustered in cities ex: Detroit is 80% black, but only 10% of the rest of Michigan is black
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Where are Asian Americans located and why?
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clustered on West Coast (closer to Asia)
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The world is like a...
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salad bowl tomatoes stay with the same tomatoes, cheese stays next to cheese -not a melting pot (everything mixing)
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Pattern 1 of African American Migration
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From Africa to American colonies in 18th century Triangular trade: -clothes, trinkets to Africa -slaves to Caribbean -sugar,rum to Europe
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Pattern 2 of African American Migration (and technology effect)
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From southeast to north of U.S. in 1900s -technology took away from farm jobs, but introduced factory jobs in the north
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sharecropping
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working on rented land and turning crops over to owner (Pattern 2 of African American migration)
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Pattern 3 of African American migration
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Expansion of the ghetto fro inner city ghettos to urban neighborhoods in 1900s
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Ghetto was named after...
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Neighborhoods Jews were forced to live in
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Race in 1896
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separate but equal upheld by Piessy v. Ferguson in 1896
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Race in 1954
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segregation ruled unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education
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What is "White Flight"
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many whites fled to the suburbs rather than integrating
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When was Nelson Mandela elected president?
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1994
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When was the apartheid repealed?
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1991
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Apartheid
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physical separation of different races into different areas
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Who settled in South Africa in 1652?
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The Dutch
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When did Union South Africa become a country?
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1910
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when did Dutch start apartheid?
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1948
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Why were blacks forced to live in 1 of 10 homelands South Africa?
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A minority must use oppressive policies to keep control of a majority
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blockbusting
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-real estate agents convinced house owners to sell their houses at low prices in fear that black people would be moving into the neighborhood -agents then bought homes cheap & resold at expensive price to blacks escaping the ghetto
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what happened after blockbusting took place?
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Areas changed from all white to all black in a matter of months
