Ap Human Geography Chapter 6 Questions And Answers – Flashcards

A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

hypothesis developed by British scholar Colin Renfrew where in he proposed that three areas in and near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to 3 lang. families:Europe's indo-European lang. North African and Arabian languages and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.

Local or regional characteristics of a language. While accent refers to the pronunciation differences of a standard language, a _______, in addition to pronunciation variation, has distinctive grammar and vocabulary.

patterns of pronunciations specific to a particular culture or geographical region patterns of pronunciations specific to a particular culture or geographical region

Place names given to certain features on the land such as settlements, terrain features, and streams.

Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin.

In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government

The opposite of language convergence; a process suggested by German linguist August Schleicher whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages.

Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient latin, greek, and sanskrit languages which hearth would link modern languages from scandinavia to north africa and from north america through parts of asia to australia

A boundary that seperates regions in which different language usages predominate

a new language with grammatical rules that develops from a pidgin language in colonies established by people who had different native languages

A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.

countries in which only one language is spoken

Collection of languages related through a common ancestral language existing several thousand years ago. All 6,000+ languages can be classified into families (with branches and groups). Only around 100 of these languages are used by more than 5 million people.

Combination of German and English dialect distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Combination of Spanish and English, spoken by Hispanic-Americans.

Countries in which more than one language is spoken.

Isolated language. Only spoken in Europe that survives from the period before the arrival of Indo-European speakers. Has no common link to modern languages. Was probably once spoken over a wider area but was abandoned where its speakers came in contact with Indo-European. Spoken by 1 million people in the Pyrenees Mts. of Northern Spain and southwestern France. Isolation helped Basque people to preserve their language in the face of the wide diffusion of Indo-European languages

This Romance language is spoken by 10 million people primarily in Northeastern Spain, Andorra, and parts of Southern France and Sardinia.

french speaking / have reasserted identity since 1960s / 1/4 of Canada's pop. and wealth / many want to become own nation (SEPARATISM) b/c say have nat. resources and economic structure necessary / Bloc Quebecois leads political movement for separatism

Significant ethnic, linguistic, and other forms of social divisions within a country