Test Answers on AP Human Geography Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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            lingua franca
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        language understood by people who have different native languages
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            The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how
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        recently in time the language were once the same
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            language group
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        group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages
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            language family
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        group if languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history
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            basque is a good example of a(n)
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        isolated language
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            franglais
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        the use of English in the French language
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            geographic study if the distribution of languages provides a good example of
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        interplay between globalization and local diversity
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            two largest language families in the world are
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        Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European
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            What tribes invaded the British Isles... (three tribes and one major invasion later)
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        Angles, Jutes, Saxon Norman
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            first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day
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        Denmark
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            Dialect developed within England primarily because
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        different Germanic invaders settled in different regions
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            Which of the following is NOT a Romance language? Bulgarian  Romaninan  Italian  French  Portuguese
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        Bulgarian
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            language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as
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        vulgar latin
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            most widely spoken language in Brazil
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        Portuguese
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            most widely spoken language in Argentina
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        Spanish
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            four most frequently branches of Indo-European are
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        Romance  Germanic  Indo-Iranian  Baltic-Slavic
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            two most important language in South America
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        Portuguese and Spanish
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            Russian is a part of what language branch
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        Balto-Slavic
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            Krugans
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        herders from the steppes of Central Asia
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            According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe
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        with the diffusion of agriculture
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            Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of.....................Hypothesis
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        Sedentary Farmer
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            English is part of which language branch
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        Germanic
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            Which group of the Germanic family is extinct
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        East Germanic
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            Which branch of Indo-European includes Ukrainian
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        Balto-Slavic
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            Which branch of Indo-European includes Slovak
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        Balto-Slavic
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            Which branch of Indo-European includes Dutch
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        Germanic
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            Indo-European language is chiefly spoken in which of there countries? Estonia Bulgaria Finland Hungary
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        Bulgaria
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            Every European country is dominated by Indo-Euoprean speakers except
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        Finland  Hungary  Estonia
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            What language group is English and German
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        West Germanic
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            literary tradition
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        written form of a language
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            isogloss
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        boundary between language region
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            second-largest family
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        Sino-Tibetan
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            Marija Gimbutas' theory points for the first speakers of the Indo-European language as the ancient
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        krugans
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            Marja Gimbutas has contributed to the.....................Hypothesis
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        nomadic warrior
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            when languages are depicted as leave on trees, the roots of the trees below the surface represent
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        possible prehistoric superfamilies
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            most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa
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        Niger-Congo
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            survival of any language relies on
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        political and military strength of its speakers
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            Flemings and Walloons speak languages belonging to different
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        language branches
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            example of a literary tradition is
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        historical documents and religious texts of the ancient Maya that were partly destroyed by Spanish conquerors
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            British and American English does NOT differ in
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        alphabet
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            gumbo and jazz are terms that originated in English dialects of
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        African Americans
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            Immigrants to which American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds in the 1700s and 1800s
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        Middle Atlantic
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            dialect
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        form of language spoken in a local area
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            when people who speak a given language migrate to a different location and become isolated from the other members of their group
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        isolation usually results in the differentiation of one language into dialects, followed eventually by two distinct languages
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            creolized language
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        mis of indigenous and colonial languages
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            pidgin language
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        has no native speakers
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            celtic
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        language that was nearly extinct in British-controlled areas but which is now being revived
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            Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of
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        Iceland's relative isolation from other places
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            language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world
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        mandarin
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            Chinese is traditionally written in the form of
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        ideograms
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            example of a revived language
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        Hebrew
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            Flemings and Walloons live in
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        Belgium
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            official languages in Switzerland (four)
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        French  German  Romansh  Italian
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            Basque is spoken primarily in
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        the Pyrenees Mountains
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            Spanish is an important language in the United States primarily because of
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        the diffusion of Spanish colonies and subsequent migration patterns
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            Tamil is an important language in
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        India  Sri Lanka
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            English language is describe by
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        recent growth is due to expansion diffusion diffused along with economic globalization Indo-European language  lingua franca
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            English language is "second" or "third" language in many regions where it is used as a(n)
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        lingua franca
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            english is the most important in North America primarily because of
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        diffusion of English colonies
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            most widely spoken Indo-European language
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        English
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            best describes the use of English on the Internet
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        English has become less dominant but is still the leading Internet language
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            English has achieved unprecedented acceptance globally due to
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        its role as a common language of a global economy and culture
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            in the 1700s, 1800s, and afterward, English diffusion has been strongly related to colonialism and imperialism in many parts of the world bc
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        conquered peoples wishing to participate in the new government and the increasingly global economy felt pressured to learn English
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            language
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        system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have the same meaning
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            official language
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        used by government for laws, reports, and public objects, such as road signs, money, and stamps
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            language is something people...
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        value
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            World's 8 Major Language Families
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        Indo-European  Sino-tibetan Niger-Congo Afro-Asiatic Austronesian  Dravidian Altaic
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            logograms
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        symbols that represent words, or meaningful parts of the world, rather than sounds (Chinese)
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            Estonia, Finland, and Hungary are part of what language family
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        Uralic
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            india's official language and
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        Hindi
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            Indo-iranian branch is divided into two language groups:
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        Eastern (indic aka Hindi) and Western (iranian)
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            West German is divided into two subgroups
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        high and low
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            North german is languages found in
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        Scandinavia
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            Official languages of the United Nations: (6)
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        Mandarin Spanish  French  Russian  English  Arabic
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            who brought the beginnings of the english language to the British Isles and shared a language similar to that of other peoples in the region from which they came
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        Angles, Jutes, and Saxons (later known as the Anglo-Saxon after the two larger groups)
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            who stayed in England although were defeated and enriched the language the Anglo-Saxon's basic English with new words
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        Vikings
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            Vikings came from present-day
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        Norway
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            English is quite different from German today primarily because England was conquered by the (name and date)
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        Normans in 1066
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            Normans spoke
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        french
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            Krugans were
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        nomadic herders
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            name four of countries example of how multilingual states deal with it
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        Belgium  Nigeria  Switzerland  Canada
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            Southern Belgians (name and language)
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        Walloons  French
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            Northern Belgians (name and language)
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        Flemmings  Flemish
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            Swiss exist peacefully as a multilingual state bc of their tradition of putting the considerable power in
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        small communities
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            Many Native American languages are
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        extinct languages
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            Gothic language is an
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        extinct language
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            Israel two official languages are
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        Hebrew Arabic
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            one of the most fundamental needs in a global society is a
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        common language for communication
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            combination of Spanish and English
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        Spanglish
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            denglish
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        combination of English and german
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            Canada's two official languages
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        English and French
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            .................. is to Canada as .................... is to USA
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        French; Spanish
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            Does the USA have an official language?
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        NO
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            Name the 8 Major Indo-European branches
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        Romance  Germanic  Indo-Iranian Balto-Slavic Albanian  Armenian  Greek  Celtic
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            Romance languages derive
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        latin