Test Answers on AP Human Geography Chapter 5 – Flashcards
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lingua franca
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language understood by people who have different native languages
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The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how
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recently in time the language were once the same
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language group
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group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages
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language family
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group if languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history
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basque is a good example of a(n)
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isolated language
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franglais
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the use of English in the French language
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geographic study if the distribution of languages provides a good example of
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interplay between globalization and local diversity
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two largest language families in the world are
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Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European
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What tribes invaded the British Isles... (three tribes and one major invasion later)
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Angles, Jutes, Saxon Norman
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first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day
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Denmark
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Dialect developed within England primarily because
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different Germanic invaders settled in different regions
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Which of the following is NOT a Romance language? Bulgarian Romaninan Italian French Portuguese
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Bulgarian
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language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as
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vulgar latin
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most widely spoken language in Brazil
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Portuguese
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most widely spoken language in Argentina
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Spanish
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four most frequently branches of Indo-European are
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Romance Germanic Indo-Iranian Baltic-Slavic
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two most important language in South America
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Portuguese and Spanish
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Russian is a part of what language branch
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Balto-Slavic
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Krugans
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herders from the steppes of Central Asia
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According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe
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with the diffusion of agriculture
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Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of.....................Hypothesis
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Sedentary Farmer
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English is part of which language branch
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Germanic
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Which group of the Germanic family is extinct
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East Germanic
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Which branch of Indo-European includes Ukrainian
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Balto-Slavic
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Which branch of Indo-European includes Slovak
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Balto-Slavic
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Which branch of Indo-European includes Dutch
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Germanic
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Indo-European language is chiefly spoken in which of there countries? Estonia Bulgaria Finland Hungary
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Bulgaria
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Every European country is dominated by Indo-Euoprean speakers except
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Finland Hungary Estonia
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What language group is English and German
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West Germanic
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literary tradition
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written form of a language
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isogloss
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boundary between language region
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second-largest family
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Sino-Tibetan
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Marija Gimbutas' theory points for the first speakers of the Indo-European language as the ancient
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krugans
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Marja Gimbutas has contributed to the.....................Hypothesis
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nomadic warrior
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when languages are depicted as leave on trees, the roots of the trees below the surface represent
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possible prehistoric superfamilies
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most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Niger-Congo
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survival of any language relies on
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political and military strength of its speakers
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Flemings and Walloons speak languages belonging to different
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language branches
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example of a literary tradition is
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historical documents and religious texts of the ancient Maya that were partly destroyed by Spanish conquerors
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British and American English does NOT differ in
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alphabet
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gumbo and jazz are terms that originated in English dialects of
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African Americans
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Immigrants to which American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds in the 1700s and 1800s
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Middle Atlantic
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dialect
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form of language spoken in a local area
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when people who speak a given language migrate to a different location and become isolated from the other members of their group
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isolation usually results in the differentiation of one language into dialects, followed eventually by two distinct languages
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creolized language
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mis of indigenous and colonial languages
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pidgin language
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has no native speakers
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celtic
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language that was nearly extinct in British-controlled areas but which is now being revived
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Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of
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Iceland's relative isolation from other places
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language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world
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mandarin
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Chinese is traditionally written in the form of
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ideograms
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example of a revived language
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Hebrew
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Flemings and Walloons live in
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Belgium
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official languages in Switzerland (four)
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French German Romansh Italian
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Basque is spoken primarily in
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the Pyrenees Mountains
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Spanish is an important language in the United States primarily because of
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the diffusion of Spanish colonies and subsequent migration patterns
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Tamil is an important language in
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India Sri Lanka
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English language is describe by
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recent growth is due to expansion diffusion diffused along with economic globalization Indo-European language lingua franca
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English language is "second" or "third" language in many regions where it is used as a(n)
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lingua franca
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english is the most important in North America primarily because of
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diffusion of English colonies
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most widely spoken Indo-European language
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English
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best describes the use of English on the Internet
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English has become less dominant but is still the leading Internet language
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English has achieved unprecedented acceptance globally due to
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its role as a common language of a global economy and culture
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in the 1700s, 1800s, and afterward, English diffusion has been strongly related to colonialism and imperialism in many parts of the world bc
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conquered peoples wishing to participate in the new government and the increasingly global economy felt pressured to learn English
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language
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system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have the same meaning
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official language
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used by government for laws, reports, and public objects, such as road signs, money, and stamps
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language is something people...
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value
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World's 8 Major Language Families
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Indo-European Sino-tibetan Niger-Congo Afro-Asiatic Austronesian Dravidian Altaic
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logograms
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symbols that represent words, or meaningful parts of the world, rather than sounds (Chinese)
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Estonia, Finland, and Hungary are part of what language family
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Uralic
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india's official language and
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Hindi
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Indo-iranian branch is divided into two language groups:
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Eastern (indic aka Hindi) and Western (iranian)
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West German is divided into two subgroups
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high and low
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North german is languages found in
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Scandinavia
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Official languages of the United Nations: (6)
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Mandarin Spanish French Russian English Arabic
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who brought the beginnings of the english language to the British Isles and shared a language similar to that of other peoples in the region from which they came
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Angles, Jutes, and Saxons (later known as the Anglo-Saxon after the two larger groups)
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who stayed in England although were defeated and enriched the language the Anglo-Saxon's basic English with new words
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Vikings
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Vikings came from present-day
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Norway
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English is quite different from German today primarily because England was conquered by the (name and date)
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Normans in 1066
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Normans spoke
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french
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Krugans were
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nomadic herders
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name four of countries example of how multilingual states deal with it
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Belgium Nigeria Switzerland Canada
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Southern Belgians (name and language)
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Walloons French
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Northern Belgians (name and language)
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Flemmings Flemish
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Swiss exist peacefully as a multilingual state bc of their tradition of putting the considerable power in
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small communities
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Many Native American languages are
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extinct languages
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Gothic language is an
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extinct language
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Israel two official languages are
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Hebrew Arabic
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one of the most fundamental needs in a global society is a
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common language for communication
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combination of Spanish and English
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Spanglish
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denglish
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combination of English and german
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Canada's two official languages
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English and French
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.................. is to Canada as .................... is to USA
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French; Spanish
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Does the USA have an official language?
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NO
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Name the 8 Major Indo-European branches
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Romance Germanic Indo-Iranian Balto-Slavic Albanian Armenian Greek Celtic
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Romance languages derive
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latin