AP Human Geography Chapter 2: Population and Health – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
age distribution
answer
the distributions of age in a population
question
agricultural density
answer
the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land
question
arithmetic density
answer
the total number of objects in an area
question
Cairo Conference
answer
the international conference created by the United Nations on population and development in Cairo, Egypt
question
carrying capacity
answer
the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation
question
census
answer
a complete enumeration of a population
question
child mortality rate
answer
the death of infants and children under the age of five or between the age of one month to four years
question
contraception
answer
the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy
question
Cornucopians
answer
a futurist who believes that continued progress and provision of material items for mankind can be met by similarly continued advances in technology
question
crude death rate (CDR)
answer
the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
question
crude birth rate (CRB)
answer
the total number of life births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
question
demographic equation
answer
an equation that is used to calculate population changes from one year to the next in a given area, based on number of births, deaths, and migrations
question
demographic transition
answer
a process of change in a society's population from high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
question
demography
answer
the scientific study of population characteristics
question
dependency ratio
answer
the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years
question
doubling time
answer
the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
question
ecumene
answer
the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
question
non-ecumene
answer
the uninhabited or very sparsely populated regions of the world
question
epidemiological transition
answer
distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
question
infant mortality rate (IMR)
answer
the annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births
question
J-curve
answer
when the projection population shows exponential growth; sometimes shaped as this
question
life expectancy (longevity rate)
answer
the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions; at birth it is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live
question
Thomas Malthus
answer
one of the first to argue that the world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies
question
pronatalism
answer
the policy or practice of encouraging the bearing of children, especially government support of a higher birthrate
question
antinatalism
answer
a philosophical position that assigns a negative value to birth
question
natural increase rate (NIR)
answer
the percentage by which a population grows in a year
question
Neomalthusians
answer
refers to people with the same basic concerns as Malthus, who advocate population control programs, to ensure resources for current and future populations
question
overpopulation
answer
too many people for the available resources
question
physiological density
answer
the number of people supported by a unit of arable land in a region
question
population agglomerations
answer
an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and any suburbs linked by continuous urban areas
question
population center (of a region)
answer
a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population
question
population pyramid
answer
the bar graph where a country's distinctive population structure can be displayed
question
replacement fertility
answer
a term commonly used by demographers when referring to levels of childbearing
question
S-curve
answer
the curve that defines the rate at which technology is advancing
question
sex ratio
answer
the number of males per 100 females in the population
question
total fertility rate (TFR)
answer
the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
question
zero population growth
answer
a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
