Ap Human Geography Ch. 2 Answers – Flashcards
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acculturation
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the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture
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artifact
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a man-made object taken as a whole
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assimilation
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the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
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cultural barrier
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Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture.
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cultural convergence
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the contact and interaction of one culture with another
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cultural divergence
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the restriction of a culture from outside cultural influences
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cultural ecology
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Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.
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cultural identity
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Ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural aspect
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cultural integration
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The close relationships among various elements of a cultural system
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cultural landscape
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the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
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culture
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the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization
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culture complex
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A related set of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity (may be assoc. with religious beliefs or business practices).
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culture hearth
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a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
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culture realm
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A cluster of regions in which related culture systems prevail.
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culture region
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an area in which people have many shared culture traits (formal, vernacular, functional)
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culture system
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A collection of interacting elements taken together shape a group's collective identity. Includes traits, territorial affiliation, shared history, and more complex elements, like language
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culture trait
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A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.
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diffusion
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the spread of social institutions (and myths and skills) from one society to another
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diffusion barrier
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stops cultural exchange
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diffusion types
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EXPANSION- idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth HIERARCHIAL- spreads to most linked people or places first. -CONTAGIOUS- spreads adjacently -STIMULUS- idea promotes a local experiment or change in the way people do things. RELOCATION- movement of individuals who carry an idea or innovation with them to a new, perhaps distant location.
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environmental determinism
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the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development
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expansion diffusion
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The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process.
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hunter-gather
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a person who meets needs by hunting animals and gathering plants
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independent invention
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the term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other
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innovation
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the act of starting something for the first time
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mentifact
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The central, enduring elements of a culture expressing its values and beliefs
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multilinear evolution
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used to explain common characteristics of widely separated cultures developed under similar ecological circumstances
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possibilism
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The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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sequent occupance
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the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
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sociofact
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The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unit a culture, including family structure and political, educational and religious institutions.
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syncretism
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the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections)
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technological subsystem
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The complex of material objects together with the techniques of their use by means of which people carry out purposeful and productive tasks.
