Ap Human Geography Questions And Answers – Flashcards
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Human Geography- focuses on how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region, and world
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Define Human Geography
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the study of physical phenomena on Earth
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Define Physical Geography
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Advances in communication and transportation technologies are making places and people more interconnected. Even with culture encouraging us all to be the same, we still have a collage of religions, languages, and ethnicities. The world is full of diverse places and people.
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What has been the effect of transportation and communication on places around the globe?
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a set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders
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Define "globalization"
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The main concern about the outcome of globalization is that there won't be individual cultures. Everything is going to turn into a big blob of the same. Global is seen as a blanket smothering the world and its diversity; local is seen as a continuation of the traditional despite the blanket of globalization. Globalization is a set of outcomes that are unevenly distributed and differently manifested across the world.
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What is the main concern about the outcome of globalization?
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Why and how we do things come together in certain places to produce particular outcomes? So what? Why does it matter that things are different across space? What role does a place play in its region and in the world, and what does it mean for the people?
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What do we mean by the "Why of Where" when discussing geography?
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Spatial Arrangement- is how places and phenomena are laid out, organized, and arranged on Earth, and how they appear on the landscape.
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Define "spatial arrangement"
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Spatial Distribution- is the physical location of geographic phenomena across space.
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Define " spatial distribution"
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An epidemic is a regional outbreak of a disease, while a pandemic is a worldwide outbreak of a disease
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What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
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• Location- highlights how the geographical position of people and things on the Earth's surface affects what happens and why. • Human-Environment- the study of the reciprocal relationship between humans and environments • Region- an area on Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon • Place- unique areas on the Earth's surface • Movement-the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet.
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List the Five Themes of Geography and give a brief definition.
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Landscape-the material character of a place, the complex of natural features, human structures, and other tangible objects that give a place a particular form
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Define the word "landscape".
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Cultural Landscape-the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
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Define "cultural landscape".
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Cartography-the art and science of making maps
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Define "cartography".
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Mental maps are the images or maps of places that we have in our heads
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What are mental maps?
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The purpose of creating a map is to simplify the world
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What is the purpose of creating a map?
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Geographers use GIS to compare a variety of spatial data by combining layers of spatial data in a computerized environment, creating maps in which patterns and processes are superimposed. Geographers use the GIS to analyze data- in the process of creating new insights into geographic patterns and relationships.
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How does the GIS (geographic information systems) assist the geographer?
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They mean the territorial extent of something
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What do geographers mean when they use the term "scale"?
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The scale tells us what level of detail we can expect to see and see different patterns at different scales.
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What can geographers expect to determine by the level of the scale used?
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You create involvement from other people at different scales to create interest and get them to help your position.
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What is meant by the term "rescale"?
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-visible uniformity -cultural traits
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What are the criteria used to define a formal region?
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Functional region- is the product of interactions, and of movement. -spatial system-its boundaries are defined by the limits of that system -the people within the region function together politically, socially, or economically
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What are the criteria used to define a functional region?
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Perceptual regions-are intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography.
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What are the criteria used to define a perceptual region?
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Culture- the lifestyles of people and their values and beliefs.
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Define Culture.
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Culture trait- a single attribute of a culture
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What is a "culture trait"?
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Culture complex- is when more than one culture exhibits a particular culture trait , but each will have their own discrete combination of traits (they will not have all of the same traits)
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What is a "culture complex"?
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Culture hearth- is an area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse
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What is a "culture hearth"?
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Culture diffusion- the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth (source area) to other places
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What is "culture diffusion"?
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Culture barrier- certain ideas, practices or innovations that are acceptable and known in one culture but are not known or accepted in another
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What is a "culture barrier"?
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Expansion diffusion- is when an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward
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What is "expansion diffusion"? List its different forms and define each of them.
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Relocation diffusion is when the people who have the innovation or idea move and bring the idea with them and spread it to a new culture while expansion diffusion is when the actual idea moves to a new culture; the people don't move just the idea spreads.
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How does "relocation diffusion differ from expansion diffusion?
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Everyone agrees that the natural environment affects human activity in some ways, but people are the decision makers and the modifiers, not just the slaves of environmental forces. Environmental determinism and possibilism encourages a line of questioning that starts with the physical environment and asks what it allows. Yet human cultures usually push the boundaries of what once was thought to be environmentally possible by their own ideas and ingenuity. Today it is possible to do many things that are at odd ends with the local environment. They say that the environment runs the human race and that is not exactly the case.
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Why are environmental determinism and possibilism discouraged as defining geography?
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the study of population
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Define "demography"
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a measure of total population relative to land size
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What is arithmetic population density?
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the number of people per square mile of arable land
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What is physiologic population density?
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a description of a location on the earth's surface where individuals or groups live
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Define the term "population distribution"?
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on dot maps
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How is population distribution displayed on a map?
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in a place where they can grow food.
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Where is the most common place for population groupings to live?
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East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North America
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List the four regions of the globe that account for the largest population clusters.
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Asian population clusters form in major cities, on the coasts, and along rivers, while European population clusters form around Europe's coal fields.
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What are the two main differences between the European population clusters and the Asian population clusters?
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a huge urban agglomeration
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What is a megalopolis?
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a poll of the number of people in an area, usually a country
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What is a census?
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the count isn't accurate. The United States hasn't figured out a way that accurately records the population correctly. The federal government gives money to organizations to help the hungry, homeless, etc. They base the amount of money needed by the amount of needy people there are; if the population count isn't correct then they won't have the right amount of money to fulfill their duties.
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Why do some people feel a census is seriously flawed?
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The United Nations, The World Bank, and the Population Reference Bureau
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Name the three main agencies responsible for collecting data on world population.
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The first major concern about the world's rapidly growing population was there wouldn't be enough food to sustain all of the people living on Earth.
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What was the first major concern about the world's rapidly growing population?
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Globalization has affected this concern because it was once thought that only the food grown in one country is the food that will sustain that country, but thanks to globalization there is now international trade and commerce. Global interaction affected the concern.
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How has "globalization" affected the concern of the world's rapidly growing population?
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Crude birth rate (CBR), Crude death rate (CDR), immigration, and emigration
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What are the four components used to calculate total population within a confined territory?
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Population explosion is when doubling time is down and dropping fast; the wait isn't so long anymore for your money, or in this case, the number of people to double.
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What is meant by the term "population explosion"?
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51 years
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The world population today is approximately 6.4 billion. How long will it take for today's population to double in size?
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The correlation between high growth rates and the low standing of women: where cultural traditions restrict educational and professional opportunities for women, and men dominate as a matter of custom, rates of natural increase tend to be high.
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What are the conditions cited in Muslim areas where the population growth rate remains high?
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The two main factors that are directly related to the reduction of natural population growth rates are economic prosperity and social dislocation.
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What are the two main factors that are directly related to the reduction of natural population growth rates?
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if a child can't be supported and cared for because of financial reasons then that child won't be tried for
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Define "Economic prosperity".
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women are getting a higher education for a longer time and are getting married later, as a result by the time has come for them to have children it's too late
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Define "social dislocation".
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India has used forced sterilization of any man who had three or more children and traded gun licenses in exchange for sterilization
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What methods has India used in the past to stop their rapid population growth?
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the Indian Government is using advertising and persuasion to encourage families to have fewer children
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What methods is India using today to stop their rapid population growth?
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the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths in a population
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Define the term "natural increase in population".
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the sequence of stages in population growth
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What is the demographic transition model?
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1. Low-growth stage- high birth rate and high death rate lead to a population that varies over time, with little long-term population growth 2. High-growth stage- high birth rate and declining death rate lead to a sustained and significant population increase 3. Moderate-growth rate- declining birth rate combined with already-low death rate lead to continuing population growth 4. Low-growth rate- low birth rate and low death rate lead to a very low rate of growth
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List and define the stages of the demographic transition model.
