question

When we analyze policy proposals such as electric cars that reduce the nation's need for oil but increase the demand for the electricity produced by coal-fired plants, we are using

answer

cost-benefit analysis

question

One reason why the federal government adds new programs to its agenda, despite the absence of public demand, is the

answer

behavior of interest groups

question

The winning interest in the debate over the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was

answer

labor

question

Farm subsidies are a by-product of which of the following? I. a fair assessment of the market. II. tradition, or the legacy of the Great Depression. III. the fact that most Americans are farmers. IV. politics, because farmers are key and changeable voters.

answer

II and IV only

question

Public support for automobile-safety measures in the 1960s increased greatly when

answer

General Motors was caught in an attempted frame-up

question

The Superfund program illustrates entrepreneurial politics in action concerning the issue of

answer

hazardous wastes

question

An example of client politics is

answer

agricultural price supports

question

"Logrolling" is the equivalent of saying,

answer

"you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours."

question

An example of pork-barrel politics is when Congress

answer

enacts a program that benefits a few districts to gain their votes

question

Improving police patrols by increasing taxes is an example of

answer

majoritarian politics

question

Jury trial in civil cases where the value of the case exceeds $20 BOR

answer

Amendment 7

question

Powers reserved to the states BOR

answer

Amendment 10

question

Right to a fair and speedy trial

answer

Amendment 6

question

Freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

answer

Amendment 1

question

Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure

answer

Amendment 4

question

No quartering of troops

answer

Amendment 3

question

Freedom from excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments

answer

Amendment 8

question

Right to keep arms

answer

Amendment 2

question

Rights of accused persons, including due process and double jeopardy

answer

Amendment 5

question

One of the basic liberties sought by the colonists through independence from Great Britain was

answer

freedom from taxation without representation

question

If the United States operated today under the Articles of Confederation, issues such as the effect of carbon emissions on the environment would be handled by

answer

the individual states

question

The national legislature would have had the power to veto state laws under the

answer

Virginia Plan

question

The power of the people-popular majority rule-was limited by the U.S. Constitution in several ways, including

answer

making the amending of the U.S. Constitution relatively difficult

question

A person cannot be imprisoned without first being brought before a judge, who in turn finds sufficient cause for his or her detention. This protection is known as

answer

habeas corpus

question

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Congress can check the federal courts?

answer

Overturning a court decision with a two-thirds vote in the Senate

question

Which of the following statements was James Madison's main argument about factions in Federalist Paper No. 10?

answer

They occur naturally but can be controlled by institutions

question

Which of the following is a system of government where those who have authority get that authority as a result of winning free and relatively frequent elections?

answer

representative democracy

question

Which of the following best describes the system the United States operates under?

answer

constitutional democracy

question

James Madison examined historical data on republics, confederations, and aristocracies to learn about the formation of a government. His conclusions are found in

answer

the Federalist Papers

question

For the Founders, federalism was a device to

answer

protect liberty

question

Applying the principles of Thomas Jefferson to current political issues would probably dispose one to

answer

favor the decentralization of government power

question

According to the text, the grant-in-aid system grew rapidly because it helped state and local officials resolve what dilemma?

answer

How to get federal money into state hands without violating the U.S. Constitution

question

The term intergovernmental lobby is used in the text to refer to lobbying activities by

answer

state and local officials at the national government

question

One reason why revenue sharing has proved unsuccessful as a means of distributing federal money to local governments is because it

answer

lacks strong local political support

question

"Enumerated" powers in the Constitution are given to

answer

the national government

question

A confederate system of government is organized

answer

to place power at the regional level, with the central government exercising only such influence as the regional governments give it

question

The Founders did not include in the U.S. Constitution an explicit statement of state powers but added it later in the

answer

Tenth Amendment

question

By ruling that the federal government cannot require local police to conduct background checks on all gun purchases, it held that to do so would be a violation of the __________ Amendment

answer

Tenth

question

The early chief justice whose decisions generally gave the broadest interpretation of federal powers was

answer

John Marshall

question

Which of the following statements can be supported by the information in the article on exit polling in the 2004 election?

answer

In this particular election, exit polling did not accurately reflect the final vote

question

Problems with exit polling have coincided with an increase in

answer

computerized voting equipment

question

According to the article, what is one flaw in the exit poll design?

answer

Exit polls do not allow for totally randomized sampling, since they are conducted in a limited number of voting precincts

question

The article cites all of the following as potential sources of problems with the reliability of the voting system in the United States EXCEPT:

answer

DRE, or touch screen machines, produce a paper trail.

question

One argument put forward to explain the discrepancy between exit polling and voting results in the 2004 election was that

answer

Bush voters were less likely to participate in exit polls.

question

Margin of error refers to

answer

the level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll.

question

Political elites have a disproportionate influence on public issues in the United States for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

they define most economic and social problems

question

Political elites have influenced or framed political issues in the past. Which of the following issues have they NOT impacted?

answer

The belief that unemployment is low.

question

Which of the following is true concerning today's college students?

answer

They believe that volunteering is a more significant civic act than voting.

question

A gender gap is most likely to occur in an election in which the major issue is

answer

gun control

question

What effect does attending college have on political attitudes?

answer

Students generally become more liberal.

question

Among the following groups, the group that is most likely to hold political views that are similar to Anglo-whites are

answer

Asian-Americans

question

An individual with an inconsistent political ideology, in the view of the text, would be someone who believed in both legalizing marijuana and

answer

greater defense spending.

question

The term liberal came to mean someone who favored an active national government around the time of

answer

Franklin D. Roosevelt

question

Conservatives are likely to support all of the following EXCEPT

answer

freedom of choice in abortions

question

Compared with the early years of the republic, the power and autonomy of newspaper editors and reporters in the United States today is

answer

greater

question

An important factor in the development of less partisan newspapers in the 19th century was the growth of

answer

paid advertising, which reduced the need for party subsidies

question

Most of the national news that local papers publish comes from

answer

wire services

question

Which of the following best categorizes the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

answer

an independent regulatory agency

question

The relationship between public officials and the media can best be described as one of

answer

love-hate

question

A war between the United States and Spain was fomented by the publisher

answer

William Randolph Hearst

question

Who will most likely be able to influence the policy agenda by using the national media effectively?

answer

president

question

Unlike big-city newspapers, radio and television stations must

answer

have a government license to operate

question

Which of the following is the main focus of the media during a presidential campaign?

answer

personal mistakes of candidates

question

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the media and trust in government?

answer

As the availability of news has increased, trust in government has decreased.

question

Which of the following has decreased the reporting of voter turnout over the years?

answer

expansion of those who are eligible to vote

question

The most obvious negative consequence of strict voter registration procedures, such as those that exist throughout the United States, is

answer

a reduction in voting generally

question

Political participation encompasses all of the following activities EXCEPT

answer

paying your taxes

question

Which amendment stated that "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?"

answer

the 15th Amendment

question

Which of the following statements describes the correlation between eligible voters' distrust of political leaders and the likelihood that they will vote?

answer

No apparent correlation exists

question

Compared to the role they used to play, political parties today tend to be

answer

more distant, national bureaucracies

question

Which of the following statements about elections in the United States is correct?

answer

The U.S. Constitution left entirely to the states the decision of who could vote and for what offices

question

The _____ Amendment gave voters in Washington, D.C., the right to vote in presidential elections

answer

23rd

question

The willingness to engage in partisan competition separates which two of the participation groups described by Verba and Nie?

answer

communalists from campaigners

question

The text suggests that one reason religious involvement increases political participation is because

answer

it puts one in contact with like-minded people.

question

The United Auto Workers (UAW) in Detroit is politically involved with the Democratic party, which is an example of a(n)

answer

sponsored party

question

Even though minor parties have had little success in national elections, they have played an important role in many elections by

answer

influencing the public-policy positions of the two major parties

question

A Northerner who opposed the Civil War most likely belonged to which party?

answer

Democratic

question

Between the national conventions, party affairs are managed by a ______________ made up of delegates from each state and territory

answer

national committee

question

One effect of the geographic split in parties that occurred as a consequence of the Civil War was

answer

the emergence of strong party factions such as the mugwumps

question

Which of the following were major issues in the three clearest cases of critical or realigning periods?

answer

slavery and economics

question

Today, a person wanting to win an election will most often seek the support of

answer

a personal following

question

All of the following present obstacles to third-party success EXCEPT

answer

access to social media attention

question

Procedures such as the initiative and the referendum arose as efforts to give

answer

citizens a direct say in making laws

question

Which of the following is true of the winner-take-all rule for electoral-college votes?

answer

It is used in all states except Maine and Nebraska

question

Many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is

answer

party identification

question

When a voter votes based on how things have been going and which party is in power, it is referred to as

answer

retrospective voting

question

Legislators who think of themselves as delegates are most likely to

answer

follow their constituents' wishes closely.

question

The kind of campaign activity most notably on the increase in recent elections is

answer

broadcasting

question

One advantage that incumbents ALWAYS have over challengers is

answer

their use of free mailings, or franks

question

Which of the following best describes primary?

answer

open or closed election to choose candidates

question

Which of the following best describes the use of superdelegates?

answer

used by Democrats to ensure a voice for party officials and for particular constituencies

question

In a presidential election, where is the first caucus held?

answer

Iowa

question

In the 2004 election, George W. Bush wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; John Kerry opposed this. This is an example of a ________ issue.

answer

position

question

Who can receive federal matching funds?

answer

presidential candidates

question

Which of the following interest groups has the largest membership size?

answer

American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)

question

Unlike other types of mass-membership organizations, public-interest lobbies principally benefit

answer

nonmembers

question

A feminist organization that takes strong political positions on sensitive issues will probably attract members with what type of incentives?

answer

purposive

question

The 1993 Brady Bill was opposed by which of the following interest groups?

answer

the National Rifle Organization (NRA)

question

According to the text, one of the important activities of public-interest law firms is to

answer

file amicus curiae briefs.

question

All of the following are methods used by lobbyists to convince undecided legislators that public opinion on an issue is inclined toward their direction EXCEPT

answer

supply them with technical information

question

Which of the following statements is correct regarding money and PACs?

answer

Campaign finance laws place restrictions on the amount of money that interest groups give to candidates

question

When an individual leaves a federal government job and goes to work as a lobbyist, consultant, or key executive for a business, this is called the

answer

Revolving Door

question

The growth of numerous public-interest lobbies in the 1960s was an example of interest groups forming as a result of

answer

the emergence of talented leadership

question

All of the following are examples of a material incentive EXCEPT

answer

the appeal of the organization's stated goals

question

Which of the following principles from John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government supports limited government?

answer

A government's legitimacy is determined by the public's consent

question

Which of the following statements best justifies the framers' reasons for omitting language about slavery from the Constitution?

answer

The framers wanted to ensure the Southern states would ratify the Constitution

question

How do the three branches of federal government work together to craft and ensure just laws for the United States?

answer

Legislature writes laws. Executive enforces the law. Judiciary interprets the law.

question

Which of the following are examples of the separation of powers in action? I. The Senate refused to pass the Treaty of Versailles in 1920. II. State governments have established different criteria for issuing marriage licenses. III. The power to establish school systems is reserved to state and local governments. IV. In 1913, Congress passed the 16th Amendment, establishing a federal income tax.

answer

I and IV

question

Which of the following shows the impact of the separation of powers on voting rights in the United States?

answer

The 17th Amendment granted the people the right to directly elect senators

question

The U.S. Constitution gives impeachment power to

answer

the House of Representatives

question

In the U.S. Constitution, which of the following powers are shared by both Congress and the president? I. Treaty negotiations II. Supreme Court justice impeachments III. Supreme Court appointments IV. Interpretation of laws V. Legislation enactment

answer

I, III, and V

question

Which of the following actions involves all three branches of the federal government?

answer

Appointing new Supreme Court justices

question

In the U.S. system of government, concurrent powers are those that are exercised by

answer

the state governments and the federal government

question

During the period of dual federalism, the states and the federal government

answer

divided most government functions

question

According to the U.S. Constitution, what obligation do states have to other states?

answer

To recognize contracts created in other states

question

According to Aristotle, the term "democracy" means

answer

rule by the many

question

Which of these is an argument in favor of democracy?

answer

People who cannot choose for themselves are not really free

question

American political culture has greatly encouraged the development of the

answer

free-market economy

question

Which of the following values contributed to the early development of American political culture? I. Civic duty II. Personal liberty III. Economic equality IV. Social harmony

answer

I and II

question

The American value of equality is most strongly reflected in which of the following statements?

answer

Votes and public opinion are not determined by class distinctions

question

Americans' beliefs about the trustworthiness of their government could most likely be affected by

answer

high-level political scandals

question

A member of the political elite would most likely agree with which of the following sources of political information?

answer

Cable opinion programs

question

Which statement best explains the effect that the rise of mass media had on American politics during the 1920s and 1930s?

answer

The radio allowed politicians to directly address American citizens.

question

Due to the vast differences in Americans' races, religions, and regions, which of the following groups has the least impact?

answer

Registered voters

question

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between political culture and political ideology?

answer

Political culture contributes to an individual's political ideology

question

Which of the following demonstrates belief in one's civic duty? I. Voting II. Running for office III. Paying minimal or no taxes IV. Volunteering at a local food pantry V. Taking time to learn about current events

answer

I, II, IV, and V

question

Despite the separation of church and state, religion has played an important role in citizens' political activities by

answer

motivating citizens to campaign for and vote on issues according to their beliefs

question

Which of the following is not a factor in a citizen's development of his or her political socialization?

answer

Campaign advertising

question

Political views on bilingual education show that which of the following factors most influence political beliefs and attitudes on this issue?

answer

Ethnicity

question

How are superdelegates different from other delegates at the Democratic National Convention?

answer

Most superdelegates have received an automatic seat at the Convention

question

Which of the following best justifies why a factionalized party is less likely to succeed at electing its candidates than a bureaucratized one?

answer

Factionalized parties are more likely to split their own vote than are bureaucratized parties

question

Which of the following describes the effect regional bipartisanship had on the parties in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

answer

Most states became one-party states, leading to factionalism within the two major parties

question

Which of the following best justifies why Progressives pursued policies to weaken political parties?

answer

As the Republican Party gained power, Progressives felt that they had less and less of a voice in policy-making

question

Which of the following is most strongly affected by political party affiliation?

answer

Retrospective voting

question

What impact has the two-party system had on the mindset of many voters?

answer

Many voters fear that a vote for minor-party candidates is a wasted vote

question

Which of the following Constitutional Amendments established a national standard for voter eligibility?

answer

The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870

question

Under the electoral college system, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

answer

states may choose electors who are also senators, representatives, or elected officials.

question

The United States has a large number of nonprofit organizations because it

answer

offers legal arrangements that favor the formation of nonprofit organizations

question

Which of the following explains why organizations form political action committees (PACs)?

answer

To contribute money to political candidates

question

The most important tactic used by interest groups to influence lawmakers is

answer

supplying credible information to key legislators

question

A political cue signals to an official I. who is for a specific issue II. who is against a specific issue III. which direction he or she should vote IV. how the issue fits into his or her political beliefs

answer

II and IV

question

The way in which legislators vote on most issues can be explained by

answer

their general ideological outlook and the characteristics of their constituents

question

Since the 1960s, interest groups have grown, and as a result

answer

more groups represent specialized issues

question

Which of the following best describe Americans' perceptions of interest groups? I. Interest groups spend too few dollars when trying to get senators and representatives to vote for a certain bill. II. Interest groups' contributions to re-election committees are excessive and wasteful. III. Legislative reform is necessary to limit interest groups' contact with government officials. IV. Former lobbyists who become government officials have an unfair advantage over officials who were not lobbyists.

answer

II, III, and IV

question

The primary factor behind the initial creation of PACs was

answer

campaign finance reform.

question

One way that PACs have affected the American political process is by

answer

providing campaign funding to candidates of a variety of political beliefs

question

Which of the following expresses the role that wire services, such as the Associated Press and United Press International, play in the news media?

answer

Supplying most national news coverage printed by local newspapers

question

Which of the following describes the impact of successive technological developments, such as the telegraph, the rotary printing press, radio, television, computers, and the Internet, on the news media? I. Broadened and diversified the coverage of news stories II. Made news and information more accessible to consumers III. Increased the cost of print media relative to the cost of non-print media IV. Consolidated the dissemination of news among a few national organizations

answer

I and II

question

Which of the following describes the effect of the rise of the sensationalist press at the end of the nineteenth century?

answer

It led to increased voter apathy.

question

The spread of magazines of opinion during the early twentieth century resulted in which of the following?

answer

A rise in the number of interest groups

question

Talk shows and town meetings as political forums have

answer

increased politicians' access to the electronic media.

question

What obligation does the government have to the public?

answer

To release its records and to open meetings

question

The right to apportion representatives among the states according to the population is the authority of the

answer

Congress

question

District lines for the House of Representatives are drawn with the authority of the

answer

State Legislatures

question

The term "Gerrymandering" is used

answer

when the party in control draws the lines to enhance their own political fortunes

question

Redistricting of Congressional constituencies occurs

answer

every 10 years after each national census

question

After the 2000 census

answer

both a and b a. eastern and northern states lost House seats b. western states gained seats

question

The term "gerrymandering" is named after the cartoonist of the political cartoon

answer

False

question

One of the rules of congressional redistricting is that the districts must be contiguous

answer

True

question

It is not important if districts have equal populations

answer

False

question

The court case, Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), is about the state of Georgia having grossly unequal populations in districts. The Court recognized that "no right is more precious" than that of having a voice in elections

answer

True

question

The court case Shaw v. Reno is about a bizarrely shaped district, created to form a black- majority voting district

answer

True

question

The general trend in power distribution and decision making throughout the evolution of Congress has been toward

answer

decentralization: more power for individual members

question

Until recently, in terms of its percentage of women and nonwhite members since 1950, the Senate, compared with the House, has

answer

been slower to change

question

As a member of Congress, you vote for a dairy-support bill because it is consistent with your thinking as a liberal Democrat. Political scientists would describe your vote as

answer

attitudinal

question

A bill to raise taxes would first be referred to the

answer

House Ways and Means Committee

question

A discharge petition is used by the House to

answer

get a bill stalled in committee onto the floor

question

Of the following demographic groups, which is the most underrepresented in Congress?

answer

women

question

All of the following help determine a candidate's chance of getting elected to Congress. Which one will provide the biggest advantage?

answer

incumbency status

question

Before a bill can be introduced on the floor of the House, the bill goes to the

answer

House Rules Committee

question

One important effect of bicameralism is that it

answer

balances large and small states

question

A marginal district is one in which

answer

the winner in an election gets less than 55 percent of the vote

question

From the examples of Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, one learns that emergency conditions and ________ can offer presidents the opportunity for substantial increases in power

answer

a strong Congress

question

A classic example of the honeymoon phenomenon occurred during the presidency of

answer

Franklin D. Roosevelt

question

The method of staff organization that risks isolating or misinforming the president is called

answer

pyramid

question

The Cabinet officers consist of the heads of

answer

the major executive departments

question

One reason a president has relatively little power over his Cabinet departments is because he

answer

cannot appoint more than a fraction of their employees

question

When no candidate receives a majority of votes in the electoral college, the House of Representatives decides who will win a presidential election. This circumstance

answer

has occurred only twice

question

Under the original provisions of the U.S. Constitution, the states were to choose presidential electors

answer

however they wished

question

A bill is passed to the president for action while Congress is still in session. After 10 days he has still not approved it. What happens to the bill?

answer

It becomes law

question

Which of the following methods allows Congress to override a presidential veto of legislation?

answer

With a two-thirds vote in both houses of congress

question

A president is most likely to gain public support for a policy proposal by

answer

using the media to appeal to the public directly

question

Most federal agencies must share their functions with

answer

related agencies

question

Those federal bureaucrats not appointed on the basis of qualifications designed by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) are called

answer

the excepted service

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is NOT true?

answer

It enhanced the power of patronage in federal appointments

question

Using the buddy system, an agency can circumvent the usual Office of Personnel Management (OPM) search process by

answer

tailoring a job description to a specific candidate

question

The Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 is designed to protect

answer

bureaucrats who tell on their bosses

question

Which of the following is NOT an important official service performed by the federal bureaucracy?

answer

Solving disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government

question

In the United States, civil servants often must obey both the heads of their agencies and

answer

Congress

question

Which of the following are ways that presidents attempt to exercise control over the bureaucracy? I. Appointing heads of federal agencies that are loyal to them II. Issuing executive orders III. Altering an agency's budget IV. Providing bonus pay to senior agency officials

answer

I, II, and III

question

A legislative veto

answer

gives Congress control over certain executive decisions

question

Rulings by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland established all of the following principles EXCEPT

answer

the federal government has the power to regulate commerce among the states

question

In Federalist Paper #78, Alexander Hamilton described the judiciary as

answer

"least dangerous" to political rights

question

The principle that the Supreme Court used in overturning Fulton's monopoly on a New York steamboat operation was that

answer

state law cannot prevail over federal law

question

___________ are established in the federal judiciary for a special purpose and are staffed by people who have fixed terms of office and can have their salaries reduced

answer

Legislative courts

question

What does the U.S. Constitution have to say about the size of the Supreme Court?

answer

It does not indicate how large the court should be

question

A judicial activist is a judge who holds

answer

that courts should make as well as interpret law

question

Senate conservatives, for example, might make their approval of a Supreme Court nominee contingent on that individual's personal views about the death penalty. Such concern for a nominee's ideology is known as

answer

a political litmus test

question

The function of the U.S. solicitor general is to

answer

approve every case the federal government presents to the Supreme Court

question

All of the following are ways that interest groups play a role in the federal judicial process EXCEPT

answer

placing advertisements to endorse a judicial nominee

question

The dual-court system of the United States refers to

answer

federal and state courts

question

In which of the following cases, did the Supreme Court make decisions regarding religious freedom? I. Mapp v. Ohio (1965) II. Texas v. Johnson (1989) III. Lee v. Weisman (1992) IV. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

answer

III and IV

question

The earliest immigrant group to arrive in large numbers and thus alter the scope of civil-rights issues consisted of

answer

Irish Catholics

question

The Supreme Court has ruled that certain kinds of government involvement in religious activities are acceptable. One condition of such involvement is that it

answer

not foster an excessive government entanglement with religion

question

All of the following are true concerning the Supreme Court's 1989 flag burning case EXCEPT

answer

the public clearly supported the decision

question

A basic difference between the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution proper is that the former

answer

covers what government cannot do

question

If you as a public individual are defamed by someone who cannot prove that the defamation is true, you

answer

can collect damages if you demonstrate malice

question

The Supreme Court has required those who claim exemption from military service on the grounds of conscientious objection to

answer

have deeply held beliefs against military service

question

The United States deals with the problem of illegally obtained evidence by

answer

allowing only conclusions drawn from it to be presented in court

question

Which of the following statements regarding the warrant requirement is incorrect?

answer

The Sixth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures

question

The Supreme Court first suggested that basic liberties might be applied to the states in the case of

answer

Benjamin Gitlow

question

According to the text, one reason that restrictions on black Americans continued for so long was that

answer

most whites did not support black rights

question

In 1971 a Supreme Court decision involving Charlotte, North Carolina, confirmed that ________ could be ordered by federal judges

answer

busing

question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the 1992 Supreme Court ruling concerning school integration?

answer

Busing can be ended if segregation is caused by shifting housing patterns

question

One factor helping to break the deadlock that developed in the civil-rights movement during the early 1960s was

answer

a change in public opinion toward civil rights

question

Which of the following statements about a woman's right to abortion is correct?

answer

Until 1973 it was decided by states

question

The test that the Supreme Court has applied to laws making distinctions between the genders is called

answer

reasonableness standard

question

An example of a court decision allowing gender-based differences is

answer

all-boy and all-girl public schools are permitted if enrollment is voluntary and quality is equal

question

A supporter of equality of opportunity as a way of redressing past civil-rights inequities would be most likely to advocate

answer

high-quality schools for all children

question

All of the following are correctly paired EXCEPT I. Thirteenth Amendment-Right of women to vote II. Fifteenth Amendment-Right of African American males to vote III. Fourteenth Amendment-Equal protection of the laws IV. Twenty-Sixth Amendment-Right of 18 year-olds to vote

answer

I only

question

Civil rights and civil liberties are different because civil liberties

answer

have to do with individual protections while civil rights are protections based on group attributes

question

One reason that politicians did not stop allowing a deficit was that

answer

they were split between cutting spending and those who thought the deficit could be eliminated by raising taxes

question

The most obvious loophole in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 is that

answer

there is nothing in the process that requires Congress to tighten the government's financial belt

question

Which of the following did the Gramm-Rudman Balanced Budget Act of 1985 call for?

answer

The budget would automatically be cut until the deficit was eliminated

question

The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 did not limit mandatory spending for entitlements, but it did impose

answer

a "pay-as-you-go" approach

question

What approach did Congress take toward trade restrictions when it passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

answer

It put the need for free trade above protectionism

question

Typically, the economic adviser with the closest link to the financial community is the

answer

secretary of the Treasury

question

The text suggests that, in theory and in practice, the Federal Reserve is independent

answer

of both the president and Congress

question

Why should a U.S. shoe company be opposed to the elimination of trade restrictions on shoes?

answer

because of competition from imported shoes

question

rom the inauguration of income tax up to the 1950s, tax rates tended to rise and fall with

answer

war and peace

question

The main reason labor unions usually oppose free-trade policies is because they believe

answer

cheaper labor in foreign countries causes domestic corporations to abandon workers

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