AP Gov. Ch. 4 & 15 Test – Flashcards

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question
In Roth v. US, the US Supreme Court held that material must be utterly without social importance in order to be considered _____
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Obscene
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Prohibiting a newspaper from publishing a story critical of the government is example of what kind of law?
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Prior restraint
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What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be unconstitutional?
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State-mandated Bible reading
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During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Charles T. Schenck, ruling that government can limit speech that ______
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Creates a clear and present danger
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The incorporation doctrine makes the protections for the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments?
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Fourteenth Amendment
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The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication ________
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Before the fact
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Gitlow v. New York, in which the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press are fundamental liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states, began the development of the doctrine of _____
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incorporation
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In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits _____, not _____ action.
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Federal; state and local
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Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion?
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Establishment
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The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following?
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Religion
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New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure?
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Actual malice
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The USA Patriot Act enhances the government's ability to do which of the following?
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Examine private records
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Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule?
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Mapp v. Ohio
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A false written statement is ____; the same statement spoken aloud is ____.
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Libel; slander
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When a defendant in a criminal case agrees to plead guilty in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor, the case has been resolved by what?
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Plea bargaining
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What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call its prisoners?
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Enemy combatants
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The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following?
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Being tried again
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The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner?
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Capital Punishment
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The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following?
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An undue burden
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Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial?
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Exclusionary
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Which US Supreme Court case found that a woman's right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy?
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Roe v. Wade
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The _____ Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.
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Judiciary
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Which of the following is a way that interest groups attempt to influence the Supreme Court's decisions?
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Filling amicus curiae briefs
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How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?
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Nine
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In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried?
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State
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Only a(n) _____ court can review the decisions of a lower court.
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Appellate
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Common law is _____.
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The accumulation of judicial decisions about legal issues
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Which of the following brings the case before the court in civil cases?
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Plaintiff
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Which of the following is the authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case?
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Jurisdiction
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What type of standing to sue permits a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people in similar circumstances?
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Class action
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Which type of case concerns the violation of the legal rights of one individual toward another?
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Civil
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In 1987, the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of which of the following to the Supreme Court?
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Robert Bork
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How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as which of the following?
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Judicial implementation
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Who is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government?
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The solicitor general
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A writ of ____ is a request submitted to the US Supreme Court to review a lower court decision.
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Certiorari
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Which Court was one of the most active in shaping public policy in the twentieth century?
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Warren
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In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?
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Marbury v. Madison
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For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?
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Four
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Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important?
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Doncurring
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What are the two types of jurisdiction courts can have?
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Original and appellate
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Which of the following is the ruling in which of the following cases struck down state-mandated segregation in public schools?
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Which of the following has the most control over the cases it hears?
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Federal District Courts
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Nine Supreme Court Justices (in correct order)
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Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan
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