question

In Roth v. US, the US Supreme Court held that material must be utterly without social importance in order to be considered _____

answer

Obscene

question

Prohibiting a newspaper from publishing a story critical of the government is example of what kind of law?

answer

Prior restraint

question

What did Abington School District v. Schempp find to be unconstitutional?

answer

State-mandated Bible reading

question

During World War I, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Charles T. Schenck, ruling that government can limit speech that ______

answer

Creates a clear and present danger

question

The incorporation doctrine makes the protections for the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments?

answer

Fourteenth Amendment

question

The doctrine of prior restraint prevents the government from prohibiting speech or publication ________

answer

Before the fact

question

Gitlow v. New York, in which the Supreme Court held that freedom of speech and of the press are fundamental liberties protected by the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states, began the development of the doctrine of _____

answer

incorporation

question

In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits _____, not _____ action.

answer

Federal; state and local

question

Which clause prevents the national government from sanctioning an official religion?

answer

Establishment

question

The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following?

answer

Religion

question

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan held that there must be proof of which of the following in order to find libel against a public figure?

answer

Actual malice

question

The USA Patriot Act enhances the government's ability to do which of the following?

answer

Examine private records

question

Which Supreme Court case developed the exclusionary rule?

answer

Mapp v. Ohio

question

A false written statement is ____; the same statement spoken aloud is ____.

answer

Libel; slander

question

When a defendant in a criminal case agrees to plead guilty in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor, the case has been resolved by what?

answer

Plea bargaining

question

What do proponents of the Guantanamo Bay detention facility call its prisoners?

answer

Enemy combatants

question

The double jeopardy clause prevents an individual who is acquitted of a crime from which of the following?

answer

Being tried again

question

The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner?

answer

Capital Punishment

question

The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following?

answer

An undue burden

question

Which rule bars the use of illegally seized evidence at trial?

answer

Exclusionary

question

Which US Supreme Court case found that a woman's right to have an abortion is protected by the implied constitutional right to privacy?

answer

Roe v. Wade

question

The _____ Act of 1789 established the basic three-tiered structure of the federal court system.

answer

Judiciary

question

Which of the following is a way that interest groups attempt to influence the Supreme Court's decisions?

answer

Filling amicus curiae briefs

question

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

answer

Nine

question

In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried?

answer

State

question

Only a(n) _____ court can review the decisions of a lower court.

answer

Appellate

question

Common law is _____.

answer

The accumulation of judicial decisions about legal issues

question

Which of the following brings the case before the court in civil cases?

answer

Plaintiff

question

Which of the following is the authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues in a particular case?

answer

Jurisdiction

question

What type of standing to sue permits a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people in similar circumstances?

answer

Class action

question

Which type of case concerns the violation of the legal rights of one individual toward another?

answer

Civil

question

In 1987, the Senate refused to confirm the nomination of which of the following to the Supreme Court?

answer

Robert Bork

question

How and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual policy is known as which of the following?

answer

Judicial implementation

question

Who is in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government?

answer

The solicitor general

question

A writ of ____ is a request submitted to the US Supreme Court to review a lower court decision.

answer

Certiorari

question

Which Court was one of the most active in shaping public policy in the twentieth century?

answer

Warren

question

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?

answer

Marbury v. Madison

question

For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case?

answer

Four

question

Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important?

answer

Doncurring

question

What are the two types of jurisdiction courts can have?

answer

Original and appellate

question

Which of the following is the ruling in which of the following cases struck down state-mandated segregation in public schools?

answer

Brown v. Board of Education

question

Which of the following has the most control over the cases it hears?

answer

Federal District Courts

question

Nine Supreme Court Justices (in correct order)

answer

Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan

AP Gov. Ch. 4 & 15 Test – Flashcards

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