AP Euro Unit 9 The French Revolution – Flashcards
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How did the American Revolution affect Europe?
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It started the French Revolution because it proved that enlightenment ideas could be used practically for government
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How did the political and social ideas for the Enlightenment primarily get taken back to France from America?
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Quite a few French army and navy officers were fighting for the American cause, so when they went back to France, they spread the ideas they had witnessed in America.
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What were the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Estates?
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1st - Clergy 2nd - Nobility 3rd - Everyone else
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Causes of the French Revolution
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~Rising bread prices ~3rd Estate was being paid the bulk of the taxes but had no say in the government ~Enlightenment ideas ~The government was economically in debt - a failing economy
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What was the main cause of the French Revolution?
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The government was a failing economy in great debt
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What was the meeting of an advisory group Louis XVI convened in 1789 because of the worsening economy?
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The Estates General
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What did convening a meeting of the Estates General indicate?
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Desperation. The government realized it couldn't deal with the debt, and that they were in over their head.
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What are some comparisons between the American and French Revolutions?
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~ Both based on ideas of the Enlightenment ~ Both based on the idea of equality of all people - people born with natural rights and that government should be based on natural laws
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What are some differences between the American and French Revolutions?
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• American was much less radical. Set up a republican government that was still controlled by the middle class • France continued past that stage and became a radical revolution • French was much more violent •French lasted much longer
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Which has more of an effect of Europe? The French or American Revolution?
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The French Revolution. The people in Europe didn't think highly of America.
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How did the Estates General initially vote?
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By group Always 2 against one
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When did the French Revolution first begin?
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Following the storming of the Bastille
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When the French Revolution first began, and Louis XVI was sending in troops to quiet the rebellion, what was occurring in France?
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Peasant Revolts - The Great Fear
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What was the French Revolutionary slogan?
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Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
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What led to the formation of the National Assembly?
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3rd Estate broke away from the Estates General because Louis XVI refused to establish a constitution, so they broke away to a constitution.
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What did the National Assembly do?
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~ Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen ~ Wrote the Civil Constitution of the Clergy ~ Established voting rights - everyone has the right to vote as long as you own property
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What is the document that was designed to protect the French men? The whole intent was to guarantee equality - natural rights - for men?
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
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What is the law that puts the church under state control?
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Civil Constitution of the Clergy
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Who is the author of the women's rights declaration?
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Olympe de Gouges
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What group emerged at the beginning of the Revolution as the most important political group?
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The Jacobins
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Who were the first European countries to go to war with France?
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Austria and Prussia
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Maximillion Robespierre
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~ The Committee of Public Safety ~ Reign of Terror (executions) ~ Republic of Virtue ~ Renamed cathedrals "Temples of Reason" ~ Created a secular calendar ~ Was executed
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Danton
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~ Minister of Justice ~ Jacobin - Member of the Mountain ~ Wanted to see more and more bloodshed
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Jean-Paul Marat
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~ Publisher of the newspaper "Friend of the People" ~ Called for more bloodshed ~ Killed in a bathtub
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Abbe Sieyes
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~ Radical Priest ~ Member of the 1st Estate ~ Wrote "What is the Third Estate?" which became the manifesto of the Revolution and defined the goals of the National Assembly
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Levee en Masse
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General conscription of men to the army that raises a huge military force
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Paris Commune
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The radicals that took over the city government of Paris. Had a huge impact, because as the city government of Paris goes, so goes the national government of France - it's that influential
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Where did the counter revolutionary movement outside of Paris take place?
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In the countryside - Vendee region
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Who were the priests that remained loyal to the ancien regime?
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Refractory priests
