AP Euro Unit 8 Take Home Test – Flashcards
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"Society is like a plant; it cannot be made and remade by proclamations on pieces of paper. We should not tear down that which has usefully served its purpose for so long. Individual man is foolish but the species is wise." Who would be most likely to make this statement?
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Edmund Burke
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English economic expansion was threatened in the eighteenth century by a rapidly diminishing supply of what?
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Wood
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What would be considered the most radical response to the Industrial Revolution?
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Marxism
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A key difference in the industrialization of the European continent compared to that of Great Britain in the nineteenth century was what?
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The lack of population growth
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What economic institution played a major role in the first half of the nineteenth century in laying the groundwork for future German political unity?
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Zollverein
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Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill both wrote what?
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Tracts on liberty and the rights of women
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The best explanation for the emergence of professional police forces in the nineteenth century is what?
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A humanitarian impulse to provide for the security of urban workers
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The graph depicts the lengths, from longest to shortest, of the railway systems of what?
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The United Kingdom, the German states, France
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What set of technological developments were the focus of the First Industrial Revolution?
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Steam engine, textiles, and chemicals
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Disturbances in Belgium, France, Germany, and Italy between 1830 and 1832 can best be explained as manifestations of what?
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Liberal and nationalist dissatisfaction with the Restoration political order
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What is true of the Romantic movement in early nineteenth-century Europe?
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It was, in part, a reaction to the classicism of an earlier period
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What facilitated the counter-revolutionary triumph within the Hapsburg Empire in 1849?
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The lack of cooperation among nationalities in the Hapsburg Empire
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The Second French Republic was founded in 1848 but was gone by 1852. What explains its short life?
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Ideological divisions within the nation and a fear of renewed disorder
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The Industrial Revolution was responsible for what developments in Great Britain?
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An increase in the mobility of the work force, the improvement of the transportation network, increased emigration to the colonies, and an increase in annual national income
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What early nineteenth-century political figure was most closely identified with the concept of "the concert of Europe"?
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Metternich
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A factor accelerating the British government's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 was the what?
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Irish potato famine
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"In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonism, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." These words express the ideas of who?
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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
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A major result of the revolutions of 1848 was what?
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A turn toward conservative nation-building
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Prince Klemens von Metternich used the German Confederation to what?
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Oppose liberalism and nationalism in Central Europe
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What distinguishes Marxian socialism from utopian socialism?
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The advocacy of violent revolution
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What was a major social effect of the early Industrial Revolution?
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New rhythms of work and leisure
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Who is generally considered to have revolutionized classical music and begun the Romantic movement in music?
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Beethoven
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What set of ideas is most closely associated with Liberalism in the mid-nineteenth century?
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Laissez faire, limited suffrage, religious toleration
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Important prerequisites for Great Britain's industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century what?
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Innovations in agricultural techniques and increases in food production
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What European countries experienced the greatest degree of political instability in the nineteenth century?
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France
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What occurred as a result of the settlements reached at the Congress of Vienna (1814-15)?
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A balance of power was established, Belgium was united with the Netherlands under the House of Orange, the neutrality of Switzerland was recognized, and a personal union between Sweden and Norway was created
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In the mid-nineteenth century, industrial growth in Western Europe was significantly stimulated by what?
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Expansion of transportation systems
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The nineteeth-century English cartoon about the Silent Highway-Man depicts what?
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The pollution resulting from industria;=lization
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"The young workers seemed to be always cheerful and alert, taking pleasure in the light play of their muscles--enjoying the mobility natural to their age. The scene of industry, so far from exciting sad emotion in my mind, was always exhilarating. It was delightful to observe the nimbleness with which they fixed the broken ends. The work of these lively elves in the factory seemed to resemble sport." The above passage was most likely written by who?
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A factory owner
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What best describes the spirit of the Congress of Vienna?
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Reassertion of royal legitimacy and rejection of republicanism
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"Generally speaking, there is no one who knows what is for your interest so well as yourself--no one who is disposed with so much ardor and constancy to pursue it." The author of the above passage would support what?
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Laissez faire
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Railways made many significant changes in daily life, such as what?
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Standardized times throughout Europe, suburban development, regular vacations, and national newspapers
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The most important sector of the early industrial revolution was what?
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Textiles
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What city was unaffected by the revolutions of 1848?
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London
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The artist who painted the painting with the tree tried to convey what feeling?
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The romantic image of lost religious spirit
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Nineteenth-century liberalism was most likely to be supported by what?
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Middle class
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The main purpose of Metternich's Concert of Europe was to what?
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Provide stability
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In French political history the years 1814, 1830, and 1848 are known, respectively for the what?
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Restoration of Bourbons, July Revolution of Louis-Philippe, founding of the Second Republic
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What describes the Carbonari?
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Members of a secret revolutionary society
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What statement best describes the writers of the Romantic school?
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They stressed emotion rather than reason
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"The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was the explicit goal of what movement?
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Utilitarianism
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The disease most common in industrialized areas of nineteenth-century Europe was what?
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Tuberculosis
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Important prerequisites for Great Britain's industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century included what?
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Innovations in agricultural techniques and increase in food production
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What was a common theme among nineteenth-century utopian socialists?
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Advocacy of economic and social planning
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In the Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels asserted that what?
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Capitalism was a necessary stage of economic and social development
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The repeal of the British Corn Laws in 1846 was most strongly opposed by what?
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Wealthy landowners
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The Crystal Palace was built in 1851 in London primarily as a what?
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Celebration of British technological and industrial dominance
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"These writers extolled, often in an exaggerated form, the expression of human emotion and the search for the realization of one's own identity." The writers described above were associated with what?
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Romanticism
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In early modern Europe, what most directly undermined the guild system?
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Entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside
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Prior to the expansion of the factory system during the Industrial Revolution, what contributed to the increase in production of manufactured goods?
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Expansion of the guild system in urban areas
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Metternich would have been most in sympathy with the political philosophy of who?
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Edmund Burke
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The 1834 Zollverein (Prussian customs union) was designed to do what?
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Create an enlarged trading area
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What best summarizes the point of the 1842 cartoon about Great Britain's game laws?
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The game laws are unjust and reflect outdates social distinction
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A major goal of the English Chartists in the 1840s was what?
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The vote for all men
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The Romantic movement in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Europe was characterized by what?
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Reaction against the principles of the Enlightenment
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The incentive for the development of large factories associated with England's early Industrial Revolution was primarily connected with what?
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The mechanization of the spinning process in textiles
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The Concert of Europe, which existed between the Congress of Vienna and the outbreak of the Crimean War, operated as a what?
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Loose forum to achieve consensus among the major powers on foreign policy questions
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A major social impact of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain up to 1830 was what?
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The decline of the family as a unit of production
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What statement is true regarding family life in the period 1750-1850 in Western Europe?
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There was an increased importance placed on child-rearing among the upper classes
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What nation experienced a decline in its population in the nineteenth century due to famine, lack of economic development, and massive emigration?
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Ireland
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The painting of Napoleon Bonaparte by Jacques Louis David can best be described as an example of what style?
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Romantic
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What is the best characterization of the impact of industrialization on the family in the first half of the nineteenth century?
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The sexual division of labor tended to increase
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"Sir, living as we do in the densely populated manufacturing districts of Lancashire, and most of us of that class of females who earn their bread either directly or indirectly by factories, we have looked with no little anxiety on your proposed Factory Bill. You are doing away with our services in factories altogether. So much the better if you had pointed out any other more eligible and practical employment for the female surplus labor..." The quotation above illustrates what issue created by industrialization in nineteenth-century Great Britain?
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The decline of families as working units
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The population graph above best supports what statement?
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During the late eighteenth century, the English population grew faster than it had from 1450 to 1600
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"By the charter granted by our late sovereign the framework knitters are empowered to break and destroy all frames and engines that fabricate articles in a fraudulent and deceitful manner." The quotation above is a formulation of the ideas of what group?
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Luddites
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What was the immediate cause of the revolutions that occurred in several major European cities in 1848?
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The overthrow of Louis-Philippe of France
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"The landed interest, the church, the law, the monied interest—all of these have engrossed, as it were, the House of Commons into their own hands, but the interests of industry and trade have scarcely any representatives at all?" --Petition to the English House of Commons, 1816 The excerpt above most probably refers to the lack of representation in the House of Commons of what?
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The upper middle class
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Caspar David Friedrich's painting The Wanderer Above the Mists shown above does what?
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Typifies Romantic contemplation of nature
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What statement is true regarding western European family life in the period 1750-1850?
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There was an increased importance placed on child-rearing among the upper classes
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At the Congress of Vienna, a principle that guided the deliberations of the diplomats was what?
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The balance of power
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In the first half of the nineteenth century, what was a field of employment that was exclusively male?
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The legal profession
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The system of cottage manufacture (or the "putting-out" system) originated, in part, as a way for entrepreneurs to avoid what?
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Guild regulations
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What was most central to the development of the early Industrial Revolution?
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The shift from human and animal power to mechanical power
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What was an important factor leading to the recognition of Greek independence in 1830?
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European popular opinion inspired by a classical revival
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"Up! Up! my Friend and quit your books; Let nature be your teacher. One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, Of moral evil and of good Than all the sages can. Enough of Science and of Art; Come forth, and bring with you a heart." The poem above reflects what?
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Romanticism
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The French Le Chapelier Law (1791) and the English Combination Acts (1799-1800) did what?
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Made workers' organizations illegal
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What country escaped the revolutionary outburst of 1848?
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Sweden
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The British Great Reform Act of 1832 did what?
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Increased the voting power of the middle classes
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Urban life in the major European cities during the Industrial Revolution was characterized by what?
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Overcrowded living conditions and unsafe working conditions for the working poor
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One of the first economic unions in modern European history, founded in 1834 by a group of German states, was known as the what?
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Zollverein
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European liberals in the first half of the nineteenth century typically supported what?
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A written constitution and wider suffrage
