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The Italian Renaissance was primarily

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a recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture.

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The word "Renaissance" means

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rebirth.

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Economic developments in the Renaissance included

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a revival in trade.

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According to Jacob Burckhardt, the Renaissance in Italy represented

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a distinct break from the Middle Ages and the true birth of the modern world.

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The Medici controlled the finances of the Italian city-state of

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Florence.

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What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany?

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Hanseatic League

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Two key areas of Renaissance technological innovation were

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mining and metalworking, including manufacture of firearms.

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The most backward and reactionary state in Italy during the Renaissance was the

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Kingdom of Naples.

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Castiglione's The Courtier was a

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very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats.

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The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of

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an elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals.

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The aristocracy of the sixteenth century was

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to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages.

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Banquets during the Renaissance

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were used to express wealth and power of an aristocratic family.

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The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was

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overwhelmingly made up of peasants.

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Western Europe in the Renaissance saw

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a decline in serfdom.

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Slavery in Renaissance Italy

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saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.

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The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of

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the shortage of labor created by the Black Death.

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Which of the following statements best describes marriage in Renaissance Italy?

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Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances.

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Marriages in Renaissance Italy

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were an economic necessity of life involving complicated family negotiations.

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By the fifteenth century, Italy was

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dominated by five major regional independent powers.

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Perhaps the most famous of Italian ruling woman was

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Isabella d'Este.

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Federigo da Montefeltro of Urbino was

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an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.

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The Peace of Lodi in 1454 exemplifies what key Italian Renaissance political concept?

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a balance of power between competing territorial states

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Machiavelli's ideas as expressed in The Prince achieve a model for

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a modern secular concept of power politics.

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Italian Renaissance humanism in the early fifteenth century, above all else

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was based on the study of the Greco-Roman classics.

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In the late fifteenth century, Italy became a battleground for the competing interests of

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Spain and France.

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Neoplatonism was based on two primary ideas:

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a hierarchy of substances and a theory of spiritual love.

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The Corpus Hermeticum

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contained writings on the occult as well as theological and philosophical speculations.

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Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated that humans

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could be whatever they chose or willed.

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A subject of particular interest to fifteenth-century humanists was

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the Greek language.

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The liberal education taught by Vittorino da Feltre

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contained as its primary goal the creation of well-rounded, virtuous and ethical citizens.

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Liberal education in the Renaissance included all of the following except

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the mastery of engineering and mechanics.

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Humanism's main effect on the writing of history was

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the secularization of historiography and the explanation of change over time.

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Who played a leading role in perfecting movable type for printing?

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Johannes Gutenberg

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The development of printing in the fifteenth century

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ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.

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Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to

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experiment in areas of perspective.

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The major practitioner of the new architecture of the Renaissance as exemplified by the dome of the Cathedral of Florence and the city's Church of San Lorenzo was

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Brunelleschi.

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Which of the following groups of Italian artists dominated the High Renaissance?

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Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo

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The painter of the Rome's Sistine Chapel ceiling was

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Michelangelo.

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What was the name of the Renaissance painter who was noted for his painting, "The School of Athens"?

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Raphael

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Which of the following is not true of Northern Renaissance artists?

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They valued the secular human form as the primary subject of painting.

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The "new monarchs" of the late fifteenth century in Europe

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were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.

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The results of the Hundred Years' War

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were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.

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Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain

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saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula

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All of the following monarchs were successful in continuing the centralization of their "new monarchies" except

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Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire

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The Tudor dynasty ruled in

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England.

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The Byzantine Empire was finally destroyed in 1453 by the

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Ottoman Turks.

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The Ottoman Turkish sultan who captured Constantinople in 1453 was

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Mehmet II.

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John Wyclif condemned the Church for all of the following except that

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the pope should be given greater power to eliminate heresy and unbelief.

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The Renaissance popes did all of the following except

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attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.

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The Renaissance papacy

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was often seen as corrupt and debauched, as evidenced by Alexander VI.

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