AP EURO Chapter Thirty Years War – Flashcards

•Supreme commander of emperors army until he decides to switch side, he is assassinated at the request of the Emperor in 1634 •Proclaims himself Prince of Mecklenburg •Encouraged pillaging to pay his mercenary army

"All the wars of Europe are blended into one" Called the "Lion of the North" Great military commander, some call him the "father of modern warfare" due to his fighting strategies Helped make Sweden a legitimate nation in Europe, a model of government Dies at Battle of Luzon 1632

(1648) longest peace conference in history 4 years, 200 rulers Brings Thirty Years War to an end 200 rulers meet Edict of Restitution canceled Peace of Augsburg 1555 reasserted and expanded to include Calvinist Regions in HRE can be Calvinist (Cuius regio, eius religio or ruler of each land determines religion) Brandenburg-Prussia emerges as the most powerful German state France gains some territory (Alsace) Creates a balance of power Ends "universal "Catholic Church control Map of Europe stays unchanged until 20th century Dutch provinces recognized as independent by Spain German emperor will share power with state Papacy will no longer interfere in German states Germany divided into over 360 states "one for every day of the year" Each state recognized Holy Roman Emperor but keep own govt., currency, church, army and foreign policy HRE not unified for 233 years!! 1870 (called Germany)

Religious war in the Holy Roman Empire between Catholic princes and Lutheran/Protestant princes. Recall details of Peace of Augsburg 1555 The Holy Roman Emperor and some princes did not want Calvinism to spread Begins as a religious wars evolves into a political war when foreign nations become involved The Thirty Years war shifts from religion to politics Spain, Poland, some HRE states, Vs. Netherlands, Sweden Then Catholic France helps Lutherans against the Catholic Hapsburg Family BECAUSE they want power and fear a unification of central Europe

Charles V Family rules until 1780's They were Catholic Continue to support Rome Northern Germany is protestant and South loyal to Rome They are the family of the HRE

French protestants leader of Geneva's political revolt in the 1520s

The queen mother of Charles IX Following the death of Francis II, she became the regent for her younger son

Royal toleration ended in 1562 when the duke of Guise surprised a Protestant congregation at Vassy in Champagne and massacred many worshipers

on August 24, 1572 Hueguenots were butchered in Paris Huguenot Henry of Navarre had just married the king's sister Coligny (Charles IX's most trusted advisor) had been shot by an assassin

Scottish reformer who wrote FIRST BLAST OF THE TRUMPET GAINST THE TERRIBLE REGIMENT OF WOMEN 1558 which declared that removal of a tyrant was a Chrisitan duty

French Political philosopher First to develop the modern idea of a sovereign state Every society should have someone powerful enough to enforce the law With their consent if possible, but consent not necessary Germinates idea of ABSOLUTE monarchy

Catholic countries: France, Spain, Poland-Lithuania (becomes a melting pot...very feudalistic). Italy Non- Catholic counties- England, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden (17th c very powerful)

"Grand Duchy of Muscovy", was Eastern Orthodox Christian, Tartars and Mongol

Had conquered Arab world around 1450 Adopt Islam Advance into Central Europe Use artillery and cannons 1520 outside Hapsburg Vienna

Poland -Hussite's thrived in Western Poland -Jews thrived and -dislike of Germans and thus anti-Luther -Plains -Nobility were independent, -Sejm- (exploding Diet) in 1573 passes religious toleration - Catholic church will continue to dominate and be the main church, but toleration remained Netherlands In the north a history of tolerating Calvinist Under Charles V there was a "hands off approach" thus local merchants made the rules Persecution under Phillip II caused resentment

Resentment at large empire Resentment of Hapsburgs, they married well "Other nations wage war, you happy Austria marry" said of the Hapsburgs In power until late 1700's Napoleon reorganizes the HRE in 1804

Inherits Spain, parts of Italy(Naples and Lombardy) and the Netherlands This threatens France A zealous Catholic Religion and politics go hand in hand His hands are full: bottom line Spain overextended 1. Spain is a world power (new world land) and very rich, large population, peasants most taxed population in the world

Phillip II --- His permanent private royal residence Elegant symbol of his power 1563-1584 He was reclusive and had gout Elaborate religious ceremonies held here Once he rode a horse, it could never be ridden again Married 4 times, they all died, he wears only black. One wife was Mary Tudor 1568 son dies after he "locks him up" (looks like a grid--fire)