AP Chem: Introduction – Flashcards

1. gram
2. liter
3. meter
4. second

1. mega
2. kilo
3. hecto
4. deka

1. 1 hectogram
2. 1 deciliter
3. 1 kilometer
4. 1 milligram

1. Gram= g
2. Meter= m
3. Liter= L

1. Mega= M
2. Kilo= k
3. Hecto= h
4. Deka= dk
5. Deci= d
6. Centi= c
7. Milli= m
8. Nano= n

1. dg
2. kL
3. hm
4. mg

Notice which letters are capital and which aren't.

A fraction which expresses an equality between two units of measurement and can be used to convert from 1 to the other.

(Ex. 1 kg / 1000 g)

1. 1 foot / 12 inches
2. 1 kilogram / 1000 grams
3. 1 mile / 1.61 Km

1. ;(2000 g)(1 kg / 1000 g) = 2 kg
2. (60") X (1′ / 12") = 5 feet

Digits which are measured

All non-zeros are significant

;

Zeros are significant unless they are placeholders

1. 300
2. 0.0020
3. 4006
4. 5.00

(Significant digits are underlined)

A number expressed as

A X 10^B

;

( A is between 1.00 and 9.99 and B is an interger)

1. 6.95 x 10²
2. 4 x 10^-2
3. 3 x 10³

1. 12300
2. 0.006

1. ;Farenheit = (1.8 x ;Celsius) + 32
2. Kelvin;= ;Celsius + 273

1. K = ;C + 273

K = 100 + 273 = 373 K

; 2. ;F = (1.8 x ;C) + 32

;F = (1.8 x 30) + 32 = 86;F

Lowest possible temperature where are atomic motion ceases.

;

0 K, -273; C, -460; F

1. An event which occurs with unvaring regularity. Often expressed in a mathematical equation. Example: Einstein's Law of Relativity: E = mc²
2. A tentative explanation of observations which requires further experimentation. It must be scientifically testable. Example: "You are the best dancer" is not testable.

1. The ability to do work; it is released or absorbed during chemical reactions in the form of heat, light, electricity. (calorie, Joule: 1 cal = 4.18J)
2. A substance that occupies space and has mass.

In a substance:

Mass is the amount of matter

Weight measures gravitational force.

Mass never varies; weight does.

Potential Energy is energy due to the position or stored energy.

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

A rock on top of a hill has potential energy. As it falls it has kinetic energy.

Seconds - s

Celsius - °C

Kelvin - K

Moles - mol

Amperes - A

1. deci
2. centi
3. milli
4. nano

At 4 °C water is at maximum density.

1g occupies 1 ml or 1 cm^3.

Therefore, 1 1 weighs 1 kg.

°F

freezing: 32

boiling: 212

°C

freezing: 0

boiling: 100

K

freezing: 273

boiling: 373

1. Move decimal point to left until only 1 digit remains to left. Indicate number of moves as a positive exponent of 10. (3301 = 3.301 x 10³)
2. Move decimal point to right until only 1 digit remains to left. Indicate number of moves as a negative exponent of 10. (0.00356 = 3.56 x 10^-3)

1. Multiply the first numbers and ass the exponents.

(3 x 10⁵)(2 x 10³) = 6 x 10⁸

  2. Divide the first numbers and subtract the exponents.

(8x 10⁶)/(2 x 10¹⁰) = 4 x 10^-4

precision- the reliability or reproducibility of a measurement

accuracy - how close a measurement is to the accepted value

The uncertainty in a measurement depends on the skill of the person doing the measureing limitations of the measuring instrument. The last significant figure in a measurement is always uncertain.

1. Celsius or Kelvin
2. Ampere
3. Mole