A&P Chapter 5 Test: The Skeletal System – Flashcards
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Short Answer: Pick one of the three major parts of the axial skeleton and describe that part in detail.
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Skull: composed of 22 bones which form a protective unit for the brain. Divided into two regions: cranial, which contains the brain and facial, which are the bones that support the face. At the base of the cranium is the occipital bone, which has a large hole called the foramen magnum through which the spinal cord runs. Spine: made up of irregular bones which have spines, processes, and large fossa in the middle for the spinal cord to travel through. Has different regions (C#s). Rib cage: consists of the 12 thoracic vertebrae, the 24 ribs, and the sternum. The ribs are flat bones. There are seven pairs of true ribs, which are attached directly to the sternum via cartilage. The other five pairs are called false ribs, three of which are connected to the sternum by cartilage above the ends of the ribs, and two of which are not connected to the sternum at all (floating ribs).
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Short Answer: What is a true rib?
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The ribs attached directly to the sternum (seven pairs of true ribs, five pairs of false ribs).
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Short Answer: Name the bones of the shoulder girdle.
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Scapula and clavicle
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Short Answer: Bone has two major types: compact and spongy. What are the four main groups of bones in the human body?
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1. Flat 2. Long 3. Irregular 4. Short
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Multiple Choice: The bones of the skull and the ribs are classified as examples of what?A. Flat bones B. Long bones C. Irregular bones D. Short bones
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A. Flat bones
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Multiple Choice: The cartilage found at the end of long bones to decrease friction at joint surfaces is called what?A. Fibrocartilage B. Elastic cartilage C. Articular cartilage D. Synovial cartilage
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C. Articular cartilage
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Multiple Choice: Spaces found within some bones of the skull that decrease the weight of the bone are called what?A. Haversian canals B. Sinuses C. Osteocytes D. Facets
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B. Sinuses
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Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about cervical vertebrae is FALSE?A. They make up seven of the 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column. B. C1 and C2 are called the atlas and the axis C. They are flat bones located in the neck. D. They have large fossa to accommodate for the spinal cord.
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C. They are flat bones located in the neck.
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Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a cranial bone?A. Occipital B. Humerus C. Sphenoid D. Parietal
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B. Humerus
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Multiple Choice: Together ilium, ischium, and pubic bones fuse together to form the what?A. Sacrum B. Coccyx C. Sternum D. Pelvic girdle
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D. Pelvic girdle
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Multiple Choice: Which of the following statements about the appendicular skeleton is FALSE?A. It is composed of the skull, spine, and rib cage. B. It is held onto your body via girdles. C. It makes up the extremities of your body. D. It is composed of your limbs.
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A. It is composed of the skull, spine, and rib cage.
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Multiple Choice: Which of the following bones is not part of the upper extremities?A. Humerus B. Ulna C. Tibia D. Radius
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C. Tibia
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Multiple Choice: The knee joint would be considered a type of what?A. Plane joint B. Saddle joint C. Ball and socket joint D. Hinge joint
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D. Hinge joint
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Brief Essay: Discuss some functions related to the anatomy of bones.
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The anatomy of the bone is created by canals made up of osteocytes. There are canals for blood vessels to go through called Haversian canals or perforating canals. Long bones have long empty spaces to store fat. Flat bones contain red bone marrow where red blood cells are formed.
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Brief Essay: Discuss some general functions of the skeletal system.
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The bones have five major functions. They serve as a support system for the body, as well as a place to store substances like calcium and fat. They are the location of blood cell formation. They also allow for human movement and general protection.
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Matching: Define diaphysis.
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The central shaft of a long bone.
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Matching: Define articular cartilage.
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Smooth, white tissue that covers the articulating part of bones (joints).
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Matching: Define periosteum.
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The dense, fibrous outer layer of bone onto which muscles attach.
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Matching: Define epiphesial plate.
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An area of cartilage at the long end of a bone that is the site of bone growth.
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Matching: Define yellow marrow.
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Bone marrow in which the stroma of the reticular network are filled mainly with fat.
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Matching: Define red marrow.
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Bone marrow in which the stroma of the reticular network are filled with forming blood cells and megakaryocytes
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Matching: Define bone markings.
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Projections that help form joints, allow for the passage of nerves and blood vessels, and provide attachment for muscles and ligaments.
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Matching: Define osteocytes.
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A bone-forming cell that has become trapped within the bone matrix they secreted.
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Matching: Define Haversian canals.
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Minute tubes in bone that contain blood vessels, nerve fibers, connective tissues, and lymphatic vessels.
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Matching: Define perforating canals.
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Small canals that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the dense bone.
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Matching: Define greenstick fracture.
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A fracture common in children in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side is only bent.
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Matching: Define spiral fracture.
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A fracture occurring when torque is applied along the axis of a bone.
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