A&P Ch. 5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
If a fair-skinned person is sunburned, why does his or her skin turn red? a. Increased heat causes the skin to turn red. b. The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response. c. The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases. d. Melanocytes increase production of red pigments. e. The blood supply to the skin decreases.
answer
b. The blood flow to the skin increases as part of the inflammatory response
question
The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer. epidermal subcutaneous reticular hypodermal papillary
answer
papillary
question
All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they a. contain increased numbers of free nerve endings. b. cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin. c. extend into the dermis. d. produce patterns that are determined genetically. e. interconnect with the dermal papillae.
answer
a. contain increased numbers of free nerve endings
question
The effects of aging on the skin include a. an increased blood supply to the dermis. b. thickening of the epidermis. c. a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands. d. increased production of vitamin D. e. an increased number of sweat glands.
answer
c. a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
question
With aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes? a. reduction in dendritic cells b. decreased hormone levels c. constriction of dermal blood vessels d. decreased melanocyte activity
answer
d. decreased melanocyte activity
question
________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow. Melanin Chlorophyll Bilirubin Hemoglobin Carotene
answer
Carotene
question
In the stratum basale, which of the following specialized epithelial cells are sensitive to touch? keratinocytes tactile discs dendritic cells melanocytes
answer
tactile discs
question
Dandruff is often a disorder that results in dry skin flakes forming in the scalp. A common cause of dandruff could be lack of lamellated corpuscles. inactive apocrine sweat glands. overactive arrector pili muscles. inactive merocrine sweat glands. inflammation around sebaceous glands.
answer
inflammation around sebaceous glands.
question
Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands. ceruminous merocrine sweat mammary apocrine sweat sebaceous
answer
sebaceous
question
The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed basal cell carcinoma. cyanosis. malignant melanoma. melanosome. metastasis.
answer
malignant melanoma
question
Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except protection of underlying tissue. synthesis of vitamin C. maintenance of body temperature. excretion of salts and wastes. provision of sensation.
answer
synthesis of vitamin C.
question
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a scab. a keloid. granulation tissue. a clot. a lesion.
answer
a keloid.
question
Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except sebaceous glands. sweat glands. hair follicles. lamellated corpuscles epidermis.
answer
epidermis
question
Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of a. increased keratinization of the epidermis. b. the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin. c. increased production of epidermis. d. decreased thickness of the dermis. e. loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
answer
e. loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis
question
While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate? 1 2 3 4 5
answer
5
question
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer? 1 2 3 below layer 5 5
answer
3
question
The substance called sebum is commonly known as milk. regular sweat. earwax. skin oil. odiferous sweat.
answer
skin oil
question
The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the sebum layer. epidermis. subcutaneous layer. stratum corneum. dermis.
answer
epidermis
question
From what structure does merocrine secretion occur? ceruminous gland mammary gland apocrine sweat gland sebaceous gland eccrine sweat gland
answer
eccrine sweat gland
question
Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? a. Skin repairs take longer in the elderly. b. The epidermis is thinner in the elderly. c. There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly. d. All of the answers are correct.
answer
d. all of the answers are correct
question
All of the following are accessory structures of the skin except sweat glands. sebaceous glands. subcutaneous fat. hair follicles. nails.
answer
subcutaneous fat
question
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards? 1 2 3 4 5
answer
1
question
Which is true regarding skin cancers? a. Skin cancers are the most common types of cancers. b. The keratin in keratinocytes protects the DNA in epidermal cells against the effects of UV radiation. c. Malignant melanomas never metastasize. d. Basal cell carcinomas are extremely dangerous and metastasize rapidly through the lymphatic system.
answer
a. Skin cancers are the most common types of cancers.
question
Variations in hair color reflect differences in structure and variations in the pigment produced by melanocytes that are located__________. at the cuticle at the hair papilla at the hair matrix at the hair root
answer
at the hair matrix
question
Nail production occurs at the nail cuticle. hyponychium. root. bed. body.
answer
root
question
Which layer contains most of the accessory organs? 1 2 3 below layer 5 5
answer
3
question
Perspiration is produced by ________ glands. ceruminous sebaceous apocrine sweat mammary merocrine sweat
answer
merocrine sweat
question
These hormones, which can be released during times of stress, loosen the connections between keratinocytes. sex hormones glucocorticoids growth hormones thyroid hormones
answer
glucocorticoids
question
The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer. papillary reticular subcutaneous hypodermal epidermal
answer
reticular
question
The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the cuticle. root. medulla. hair bulb. shaft.
answer
cuticle
question
The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum.
answer
stratum corneum
question
Earwax is produced by ________ glands. sebaceous merocrine sweat ceruminous apocrine sweat eccrine sweat
answer
ceruminous
question
Vitamin ________ is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. A B C D E
answer
D
question
The terms "thick" and "thin" refer to the relative thickness of which of the following? hypodermis dermis cutaneous membrane epidermis
answer
epidermis
question
At the base of a nail, keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called the hyponychium. phalanx. eponychium. cerumen. lunula.
answer
eponychium.
question
The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum.
answer
stratum basale.
question
An albino individual lacks the ability to produce keratin. hemoglobin. perspiration. melanin. carotene.
answer
melanin
question
The combination of fibrin clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called a scab. a keloid. granulation tissue. a clot. a lesion.
answer
granulation tissue
question
The two components of the integumentary system are the a. epidermis and superficial fascia. b. cutaneous membrane and hypodermis. c. epidermis and dermis. d. integument and hypodermis. e. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
answer
e. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
question
All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it a. permits independent movement of deeper structures. b. contains large amounts of adipose tissue. c. stores energy reserves. d. contains many blood vessels. e. is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
answer
e. is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
question
Scar tissue is the result of a. large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area. b. a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury. c. increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area. d. a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area. e. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
answer
a. large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
question
Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum corneum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum.
answer
stratum corneum.
question
________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas. Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
answer
Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
question
Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"? cartilage and blood reticular connective tissues areolar connective tissue adipose tissue stratified squamous epithelium
answer
areolar connective tissue
question
Thin skin contains ________ layer(s) and thick skin contains ________ layers. 5; 6 3; 4 4; 5 1; 2 2; 3
answer
4; 5
question
A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a scab. a keloid. granulation tissue. a clot. a lesion.
answer
a scab
question
The nail body covers the nail bed. nail root. hyponychium. free edge. lunula.
answer
nail bed
question
Types of skin cancers include a. basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. b. malignant melanoma only. c. cyanosis only. d. basal cell carcinoma only. e. cyanosis and malignant melanoma.
answer
a. basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.
question
The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty. apocrine sweat ceruminous axillary sebaceous merocrine sweat
answer
apocrine sweat
question
Rickets develop in growing children who are not exposed to sunlight and have a deficiency of ______. EGF glucocorticoids growth hormone cholecalciferol
answer
cholecalciferol
question
If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed, a. the texture of the hair will become coarser. b. the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus. c. the follicle will lose its blood supply. d. the color of the hair will become lighter. e. hair production will not be affected.
answer
c. the follicle will lose its blood supply.
question
Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum corneum. lucidum. spinosum. granulosum. basale.
answer
basale
question
Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems except that it a. is essential for bone growth. b. is essential for bone maintenance. c. functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system. d. is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system. e. functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system.
answer
c. functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system.
question
The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are hemoglobin and carotene. tyrosine and melanin. carotene and tyrosine. carotene and melanin. melanin and hemoglobin.
answer
carotene and melanin
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New