question

Cyto-

answer

cell ex. cytosol is the cell solution

question

Lyso-

answer

loosen/breakdown ex. lysosomes breakdown cell food

question

Phago-

answer

to eat ex. phagocytes are cells that eat bacteria and viruses

question

Pseudo-

answer

false ex. pseudopod are footlike extensions on amoebas for movement

question

Pro-

answer

before ex. prokaryotes evolved before a nucleus

question

Trans-

answer

across ex. translocation is movement of sugars from leaf to stem

question

Co-

answer

together ex. coevolution is evolution of 2 species that effect each other

question

Hyper-

answer

exceeding ex. hypertonic solutions have higher dissolved solutes compared to another solution

question

Hypo-

answer

lower ex. hypoglycemia is low blood sugar

question

Exo-

answer

outer ex. exoskeletons are outser skeletons of insects, crustaceans, and arachnids

question

Glyco-

answer

sweet ex. glycosis is is the breakdown of sugar

question

Endo-

answer

within ex. endoskeletons are inside skeletons, in all mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles

question

Iso-

answer

equal ex. isotonic solutions are equal in dissolved solvents compared to another solution

question

Hydro-

answer

water ex. hydrophobic means water fearing

question

An-

answer

not ex. anaerobic means "without oxygen"

question

Chemi-

answer

chemical ex. chemitaxis is movement toward a chemical

question

Auto-

answer

self ex. autotrophs make their own food themselves

question

Chloro-

answer

green ex. chloroplasts are the green organelles that do photosynthesis

question

Hetero-

answer

other ex. heterotrophs get their food from others

question

Meso-

answer

middle ex. the mesoderm is the middle layer of cells in a developing embryo

question

Photo-

answer

light ex. photosynthesis means putting together using light

question

Bi-/Di-

answer

two ex. diploid cells have 2 sets of chromosomes, which includes all body cells

question

Centro-

answer

the center ex. centromeres are the central part where 2 sister chromatids are connected

question

Gen-

answer

produce ex. genetics means have the codes to produce an organism

question

Inter-

answer

between ex. interphase is the part of the cell cycle between cell division

question

Mal-

answer

bad or evil ex. a malformed kidney is a poorly formed

question

Homo-

answer

like or same ex. homozygous means 2 chromosomes that have the same alleles

question

Syn-

answer

together ex. synapsis occurs when 2 chromosomes next to each other swap genes

question

Tetra-

answer

four ex. tetrads are 4 sister chromatids lined up

question

Mono-

answer

one ex. monomers are the subunits that make up polymers

question

Pedi-

answer

a child ex. pedigrees show the children of parents in a family tree

question

Poly-

answer

many ex. monomers combine to form repeating chains called polymets

question

Hemo-

answer

blood ex. hemoglobin carries oxygen in the red blood cells of the blood

question

Non-

answer

not ex. nondisjunction is a failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis

question

Re-

answer

again ex. reexamine is to examine again

question

Semi-

answer

half ex. semiconservative replication means half of the new DNA molecule is from the old strand

question

Neuro-

answer

nerve ex. neurons are nerve cells

question

Anti-

answer

opposite ex. antiparallel refers to DNA strands running in opposite directions

question

Retro-

answer

backward ex. retroviruses have to make DNA from RNA, instead of RNA from DNA

question

Eu-

answer

true ex. eukaryotes are cells with a true nucleus

question

Apic-

answer

tip ex. apical meristems are the tips of plants that grow up and down

question

Bio-

answer

life ex. biology is the study of life

question

Paleo-

answer

ancient ex. paleontology is the study of dinosaurs and the life before recorded history

question

Vestigi-

answer

trace ex. vestigial organs like the eyes on the blind cave fish use to have function, but no longer

question

Intra-

answer

within ex. intracellular digestion is digestion inside the cell

question

Micro-

answer

small ex. microscopes see things that can't be seen with the naked eye

question

Post-

answer

after ex. post-synaptic clefts are on the receiving neuron

question

Sym-

answer

together ex. symbiosis is when one species interacts with another species

question

thermo-

answer

temperature ex. endotherms maintain a stable internal temperature and are warm blooded

question

Con-

answer

with ex. concurrent gas exchange, where blood moves with the water's direction

question

Gymno-

answer

naked ex. gymnosperms like pine trees have seeds not contained within in a fruit

question

Peri-

answer

around ex. the peripheral nervous system surrounds the brain and spinal cord

question

A-

answer

without ex. asexual reproduction doesn't require 2 sources of genetic material

question

Cephal-

answer

head ex. the cephalothorax of a spider is its head fused with its thorax

question

Ecto-

answer

outside ex. ectotherms have the external environmental control their body temperature

question

Gastro-

answer

stomach ex. the gastro-intestinal tract includes the stomach and the intestines

question

-pod

answer

foot ex. snails move on their single pseudopod

question

Arthro-

answer

jointed ex. arthropods like insects have jointed appendages

question

Uni-

answer

one ex. unicellular means made up of one cell

question

Vivi-

answer

alive ex. viviparous mammals give birth to live young

question

Aqua-

answer

water ex. aquaporins are protein channels in cells to move water

question

Myco-

answer

a fungus ex. mycorhizzae attaches to plant roots to increase surface area of water absorption

question

-phyto

answer

a plant ex. pteridophytes are seedless vascular plants

question

Homeo-

answer

same ex. homeostasis means having a stable internal environment

question

Osteo-

answer

bone ex. osteocytes are bone cells

question

Omni-

answer

all ex. omnivores can eat plants and animals

question

Cardi-

answer

heart ex. cardiologists are doctors of the heart

question

Erythro-

answer

red ex. erythrocytes are red blood cells

question

Leuko-

answer

white ex. leukocytes are white blood cells

question

Myo-

answer

muscle ex. myosin is a muscle protein

question

Pulmo-

answer

a lung ex. pulmonary arteries take blood to the lungs

question

Counter-

answer

opposite ex. counter current exchange is where the fish blood moves opposite to the water

question

Reni-/Nephr-

answer

a kidney ex. renal veins lead away from the kidney; the kidney contains nephrons

question

Epi-

answer

above, over ex. epistasis is where one gene is on top of, or turns on, another gene

question

-ectomy

answer

cut out, ex. an appendectomy is when you cut out the appendix

question

Soma-

answer

a body ex. somatic cells are body cells

question

Geo-

answer

the earth ex. geology is the study of the earth

question

De-

answer

from, down, out ex. detoxify example is to take out toxins from the blood

question

Covalent bond

answer

a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons

question

Hydrogen bond

answer

a type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar

question

Solute

answer

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

question

Solvent

answer

the dissolving agent of a solution. water is the most versatile solvent known

question

Denaturation

answer

for proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its its native conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. for DNA, the seperation of the two strands of the double helix. denaturation occurs under extreme conditions of pH, salt concentration, and temperature

question

Dehydration synthesis

answer

a reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through loss of a small molecule, usually water, also called condensation reaction

question

Hydrolysis

answer

a chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion

question

Protein

answer

a three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of 20 different monomers called amino acids

question

Substrate

answer

the reactant on which an enzyme works

question

Adaptations

answer

inherited characteristics that enhance the ability of and organism to survive an reproduce in a particular environment

question

Diffusion

answer

the spontaneous tendency of a substance to move down its concentration gradient from a more concentrated to a less concentrated area

question

Enzyme

answer

a protein serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

question

Evolution

answer

all the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today

question

Molecule

answer

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

question

Monomer

answer

the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer

question

Symbiosis

answer

an ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact

question

Homeostasis

answer

the steady-state physiological condition of the body

question

Taxonomy

answer

the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life

question

Physiology

answer

the study of the functions of an organism

question

Ecology

answer

the study of how organisms interact with their environments

question

Water potential

answer

the physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure

question

Ab-

answer

away, apart ex. abiotic

question

Ad-

answer

to, toward ex. adduct

question

Allelo-

answer

one another, parallel ex. allelopathic

question

Amphi-

answer

both ex. amphibian

question

Archae-

answer

ancient, original ex. archaeobacteria

question

Blast-

answer

embryo, bud, sprout ex. blastula

question

Botan, -a

answer

plant ex. botanical

question

Carcin-

answer

cancer ex. carcinogen

question

Cent-

answer

hundred ex. centipede

question

Cephalo-

answer

head ex. cephalization

question

Cereb-

answer

brain ex. cerebrum

question

Chondro-

answer

cartilage ex. chondrichthyes

question

Chromo-

answer

colored ex. chromosome

question

-cide

answer

kill ex. insecticide

question

Cili-

answer

small hair ex. cilia

question

-cyte/-cyto

answer

cell ex. amebocyte, endocytosis

question

Deca-

answer

ten ex. decathalon

question

-derm/-derma

answer

skin, covering ex. ehcinoderm

question

Di-

answer

two, double ex. diploid

question

Dia-

answer

through ex. dialysis

question

Dich, -o

answer

two, in two ex. dichotomous key

question

Ecol-

answer

dwelling, house ex. ecology

question

Gam, -o, us

answer

marriage ex. gamete

question

-gen, Gen-

answer

make, produce ex. genetics, antigen

question

Herb-

answer

plant ex. herbivore

question

Hist-

answer

tissue ex. histology

question

Ichthy

answer

fish ex. ichythyologist

question

-ist

answer

a practitioner ex. biologist

question

Kary, -o

answer

nucleus, nut ex. karyotype

question

Kilo-

answer

thousand ex. kilogram

question

Leuco-/Leuko-

answer

white ex. leucocyte, leukemia

question

-logy

answer

study of ex. ecology

question

Lys-

answer

loosening, cutting ex. lysis

question

Macro-

answer

large ex. macromolecule

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