AP Biology – Chapter 5 Review – Flashcards
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Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process?
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dehydration reaction
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What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
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hydrogen bonds
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A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between?
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3 of 9 and 1 of 10
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Which of the following molecules has (have) a functional group that frequently is involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of a protein?
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2
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Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction?
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7, 8, 2
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Which of the following molecules are structural isomers?
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1, 4
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Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic "head" region and a hydrophobic "tail" region?
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5
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Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain?
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7
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Which of the following molecules is a saturated fatty acid?
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9
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Which of the following molecules contains an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group?
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1, 4
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Which of the following molecules is (are) a carbohydrate?
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1, 4, 6, 12, 14, 15
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Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond?
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15
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Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?
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2, 7, 8
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Describe triacylglycerol.
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3 fatty acids linked to 1 glycerol
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The a helix and the B pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?
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secondary
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Name molecules of proteins.
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hemoglobin, tranthyretin, collagen, lysozome
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Dehydration reactions are used in forming what compounds?
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carbs
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Upon chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 453 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
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452
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What is denaturation?
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protein unravels and loses original conformation
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Consider a polysaccharide consisting of 453 glucose molecules. The total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the production of:
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453 water molecules
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Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because:
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humans lack proper enzyme to digest
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A molecule with the formula c18H36O2 is probably a carbo, lipid, protein, nucleic acid, or hydrocarbon?
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Lipid
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What is the difference between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
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dehydration reactions - makes large molecules
hydrolysis - breaks large molecules
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Which bond is closest to the N-terminus of the molecule?
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A
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Which bond is closest to the C-terminus of the molecule?
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C
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At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid?
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C
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The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different
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side chains
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Describe the tertiary structure of a protein.
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3D shape of fully folded polypeptide
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Altering which level of structural organization could change the function of a protein?
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all levels
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A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific 3D shape is a
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disulfide bond
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What is the structure shown in the figure below
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steroid
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What is true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids?
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not water soluble, hydrophobic, single glycerol, and 3 fatty acids, nonpolar
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The chemical reaction illustrated in the figure below results in the formation of a
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peptide bond
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Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they:
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are all synthesized by dehydration reactions
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Saturated fatty acids have a higher or lower ration of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids?
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higher
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The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires what?
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removal of h2o
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What are the functions of cellulose?
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building material to protect cell
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What type of interaction stabilized the alpha (a) helix and the beta (B) pleated sheet structures of proteins?
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hydrogen bonds
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At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups. most important?
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tertiary
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A polypeptide can best be described as a
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polymer of amino acids
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Glycogen, starch, and chitin are
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polysaccharides
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What is true of both starch and cellulose?
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both polymers of glucose
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Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glycose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
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disaccharide
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A molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a carbo, lipid, protein, nucleic acid, or hydrocarbon?
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carbo
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Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
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polypeptide
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What are the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms?
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proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids
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They hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in what?
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decrease in number of double covalent bonds; increase in hydrogen ions
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If 128 molecules of the general type shown in the figure below were covalently joined together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a
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polysaccharide
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Describe tthe figure below. What level? alpha or beta
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Alpha; a helix- secondary
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What is hydrolysis
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adding water to break covalent bonds
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What is the molecule illustrated i the figure below?
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saturated fat
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The molecule shown in the figure below is a
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unsaturated fat
