AP Bio Evolution Review – Flashcards
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What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
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Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
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During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?
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Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
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In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants, exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with the ideas of
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Lamarck
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Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?
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The population size is large.
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Natural selection is based on all of the following except
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individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
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Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of Thomas Malthus?
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Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows.
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Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
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genetic variation among individuals
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Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to Darwin having read Malthus's essay on human population growth?
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struggle for existence
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If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement?
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If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time and enough genes, natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones.
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The role that humans play in artificial selection is to
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choose which organisms breed, and which do not.
