AP BIO Chapter 56 – Flashcards
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What is conservation biology
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intergrates ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology to conserve diversity at all levels
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Explain the difference between endangered species and threatened species
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Endangered species: in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range Threatened species: those that are considered likely to become endangered in the near future
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What do conservation biologists who adopt the small-population approach study
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the processes that cause extinctions once population sizes have been severely reduced
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Explain what an extinction vortex is, and describe one field study that supports this idea
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The loss of the genetic variation that enables evolutionary responses to environmental change, such as the appearance of new strains of pathogens
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Why is genetic variation the key issue in the small-population approach
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it enable evolutionary responses
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On what type of population does the declining-population model focus
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threatened and endangered populations that show a downward trend
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What is the emphasis for study in the declining population model
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the environment tractors that caused a population decline in the first place
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Describe how the increase in cowbirds is related to forest fragmentation
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Because cowbirds need forests, where can parasite the nests of other birds, and open fields where they forage on insects. Their populations are growing where forests are being cut and fragmented, creating more edge habitat and open land
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What are potential positive and negative effects of movement corridors
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+ They can promote dispersal and reduce inbreeding in declining populations Increase the change exchange of individuals among populations of many organisms - They allow the spread of disease They facilitate the movement of disease-carrying ticks
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Explain the concept behind a zoned reserve
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It is to develop a social and economic climate in the surrounding lands that is compatible with the long-term viability of the protected core
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Define critical load
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the amount of added nutrient, usually nitrogen or phosphate, that can be absorbed by plants without damaging ecosystem integrity
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What did Rachel Carson accomplish with her writings
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she helped bring the problem to public attention in the 1960's, and DDT was blamed in the US in 1971
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Explain the concept behind the phrase sustainable development
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an economic development that meets the needs of people today without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their needs
