AP Bio chap 19-25 – Flashcards

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Organisms are grouped into taxa based on homologous characteristics, shared traits that result from common ancestry. Which statement is true?

Which of these are homologous structures?

This figure shows a phylogenetic tree of birds and their close relatives. Identify the monophyletic taxon.

Select the correct statement about phylogenetic trees.

This phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing sequences for a homologous gene involved in development. Select the correct statement.

You read about soapberry bugs and select the correct statement describing relative fitness in these individuals.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has an allele that confers resistance to DDT and similar insecticides. Laboratory strains of D. melanogaster have been established from flies collected in the wild in the 1930s (before the widespread use of insecticides) and the 1960s (after 20 years of DDT use). Lab strains established in the 1930s have no alleles for DDT resistance. In lab strains established in the 1960s, the frequency of the DDT-resistance allele is 37%. Which statement is correct?

One out of 10,000 babies born in North America is affected by cystic fibrosis, a recessive condition. Assuming that the North American human population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this trait, what percentage of the population is heterozygous for this trait? (Remember the equation for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.)

Allele frequencies in a gene pool may shift randomly and by chance. What is this random shift called?

Which statement correctly describes the role of chance in evolution?

Three of the most prominent definitions of species are the biological species concept, the phylogenetic species concept, and the morphological species (morphospecies) concept. Drag each characteristic to the appropriate bin based on the species concept(s) to which it applies.

What is genetic drift?

Why are the large finches now living on the Galápagos Islands different from the original source population from a nearby island?

True or false? The last ice age produced many different species mainly because populations dispersed and colonized new habitats.

Which of the following statements about reinforcement is true?

A subset of a population of birds leaves its habitat on the mainland and colonizes a nearby island. The birds, after a period of time, become reproductively isolated. The island sinks and the population of birds that lived on the island returns to its original habitat. Which of the following statements about these bird populations is true?

A population of birds colonizes an area in which the insects upon which they feed live inside trees. Which of the following events accounts for an observed increase in average beak size in the bird population over time?

True or false? A flood that separates a population of frogs onto opposite sides of a lake is an example of a vicariance event that may result in allopatric speciation.

Of the 59 matings in the experimental groups, how many were between like-adapted flies (flies adapted to the same medium)?