AP Art History Pacific Pictures – Flashcards

N: Navigation Chart D: 19th century date collected: 1890-1893 collected P: micronesia and were used by the Marshallese A: Marshall Islands Inhabitants Pa: unknown OL: Marshall Islands M: vertical and horizontal and diagonal wooden sticks, cowrie and small shells, and coconut and fibers T: Rebbelib, a type of navigation chart used to cover a large section of the Marshall Islands. F: It shows the main pathway between the two main islands, the intersecting lines or areas marked by shells indicate locations of islands while the slopped lines indicate wave swells and the people using them usually memorized them. C: The Marshall Islands in eastern Micronesia consist of thirty-four coral atolls spread out across an area of several hundred miles. In order to maintain links between the islands, the Marshall Islanders built seafaring canoes. These vessels were both quick and maneuverable. The islanders developed a reputation for navigation between the islands - not a simple matter, since they are all so low that none can be seen from more than a few miles away. charts marked the location of the islands and swell along with the wave patterns. cowries and shells= islands. straight lines=currents are consistent. bent lines= wind and swells. coconut fibers= wave patterns. DT: slopped lines that indicate wave swell show technological advancement in society, intricate weaving M: to direct the natives to islands nearby safely and quickly for trade, by predicting wave swells and the exact locations of islands. mattang specifically made for training people who are selected to be navigators.

N: Tamati Waka Nene D: 19th to early 20th century C.E. P/S: Realism A: Gottfried Lindafvv Pa: In Lindauer's notebook this portrait is numbered #6 with an inscription saying 'for Mr Partridge' OL: Ngāti Hao, Ngāpuhi M: Oil on Canvas T: Lindauer based this portrait on a photograph by John Crombie who was commissioned to produce 12 photographic portraits of Māori chiefs for the London Illustrated News F: To commemorate the Maorian chief, Tamati Waka Nene, on being the first of the Pacific islands to join the International trade with England. C: Tamati Waka Nene lived in the Hokianga when it was a thriving and prosperous trading society and was said to have been an astute businessman and kindly by nature. He was the 2nd son of Tapua, leader and tohunga of Ngati Hao of Hokianga. Nene converted to the Wesleyan faith and was baptised taking his name Tamati Waka Nene after Thomas Walker. Nene saw the advantages of having Pākehā shipping traders in the area, and helped settlers as well as Wesleyan missionaries establish themselves there in 1827. Nene is wearing a tattoo mask which shower power and protection. Tattooing is called moko. The tattoo was a mark of adultment and helped soften the bone structure. Nene died on August 4, 1871. DT: smooth brushstrokes, painted to show kind nature of the chief, compassionate, similar portrait style to the Mona Lisa, painted with tribal face paint to reinforce culture M: to show the Westerners appreciation for the Pacific islanders and their contribution to trading

N: 'Ahu 'ula D: late 8th century C.E.; polynesia M: feathers and fibers; made of 500,00 feathers and each bird only gives off 7 feathers; 'i'iwi bird=red feathers; 'o'o bird= yellow and black feathers S: semi-circular cape is considered a later development of the trapezoidal shape T: intensive labor it takes to make this; made by attaching thousands of small bundles of feathers to a base netting, made in straight rows with pieces and were cut to form the desired shape; then tiny bundles of feathers were attached to the netting in overlapping rows starting at the lower edge F: worn as a cape and it is supposed to protect one's mana (preventing people and spirits from reaching you); ceremonial and used in battle; part of aristocratic culture C: they were used to assert chiefly power and maintain social control; its unique to Hawaiian culture; they traded 36 cloaks and brought them to England but they only saw them as exotic and weird instead of beautiful; people told stories about these cloaks being used or going through a battle; this was found on Captain Cook's last faithful voyage; men would wear these cloaks or capes M: the capes were symbols of power and social standing in Hawaii; the red=gods and chiefs; yellow=gods and chiefs; asserts chiefly power; showed respect and it was given to people who had power; believed that Humans were offspring of God

N: Staff God; "atua rakau" D: late 18th century to early 19th century; polynesia A: Unknown P: Unknown OL: Rarotonga, Cook Islands, Central Polynesia M: barkcloth, ironwood, Tapa, Fiber, and feathers; composed of a central wood shaft wrapped in an enormous roll of decorated bark cloth S: distinctive style; genoolgraphic T: The carver may have depicted smaller people below the deities to make it seem that they are coming out of him or that he is creating them. This particular staff did not include feathers however, others were believed to have them on the back staff areas. F: Religious ceremonies (possibly a fisherman's God). It was small in size for the ability to travel with the owner; sacred; religious C: They were used in worship to their deities, at the beginning of the 19th century Polynesians converted to Christianity suddenly and they were forced to destroy similar wood carvings, very few survived; deity images w/ multiple figures attached to their bodies which are characteristic of Rurutu in the Astral Islands and of Rarotonga and Mangaia in the Cook Islands; lower end is a carved phallus; Reverend John Williams observed and found that the bark cloth contained red feathers and pieces of pearl shell which is known as the spirit of the god; this was a gift from the New Zealand government; it has a carved upper section; large smooth head, curved neck that has notches; there are 5 small figures on the staff which contains people and turtles; it has male and female reproductive qualities; they combine the results of labor skilled men and women; staff god: 60 cm x 20 cm M:they represent the islands; they represent the historical figure Tigora of descent being passed down; has male and female atributes: creator god; they represent Tangaroa (creator god); carvings represented the clan and district ancestors who were honored for their protective and procreative powers; the images refer to the creator deities of the Polynesians and they were revere for their central role in human fertility DT: Detail oriented