AP Art History: Gothic Art Review – Flashcards

1136 to 1231 CE FRANCE Gothic style created by Abbot Suger Suger believed a church should be a place of great physical beauty that inspires hope in heaven Very different from fear inspiring scenes of found in Romanesque churches Use of ribbed vaulting and appointed arches GREATER HEIGHT gave a sense of heaven Use of STAINED GLASS windows enhances the feeling of spirituality FLYING BUTTRESSES - a support for a building to counteract horizontal thrust - located on the outside of a church

1145 to 1220 CE FRANCE Built between Early and Gothic periods Visually a blend of two periods Nave elevation: . Nave . Arcade . Gallery . Triforium . Clerestory Crypt located below the church is designed to contained relics and deceased monks Gothic churches oriented towards the Holy Land in the East Altar and choir = Eastern part of the church Contains 176 stain glass windows LUX NOVA (new heavenly light) BEAUTY AND HOPE OF HEAVEN

1145 to 1220 CE FRANCE Located on the Western facade Reflects interests of PATRON Images of gold fleur-se-lis on blue background shows French Monarchy Unification of two kingdoms through marriage Demonstration of the Queen's piety and love for God Secure a position in heaven Reinforcement of ruling through divine right Connect images of Mary to Queen of France French monarchy has blessing of god Image of DIVINE RIGHT

1243 to 1248 CE FRANCE Commissioned by Louis IX Holds relics Considered a giant reliquary and private chapel Divided into two areas - lower area (for all visitors), upper area (for only Lois and high-ranking priests) Rayonnant style - a Gothic church that has a lot of windows

1331 to 1351 CE ENGLAND Perpendicular style - more vertical, more ornate Large, tall window visually unites choir from floor to vaulting Use of fan vaulting - a collection of ribbed vaults that meet and project downward like stalactites English perpendicular style is similar to French Flamboyant style - both have exaggerated decorative elements

FRENCH Nave is taller than Salisbury Cathedral West Façade, France, Building begun c. 1220-36. 1220 CE HIGH GOTHIC four-part rip vaults, extremely high, large expanse of windows, more sculpture on facade, narrowing of nave enhances verticality

Influenced by Romanesque architecture Accentuates horizontality NO FLYING BUTTRESSES Has a square base and a double transept

Early Gothic Sculpture The doorjambs are carved columns of Old Testament kings and queens The figures are rigid and elongated to follow the form of column - lack of naturalism, stylized drapery, lack of shift in weight, lack of individuality

HIGH GOTHIC SCULPTURE Saint Martin, Saint Jerome, Saint Gregory Their heights, clothing, and gestures vary to reflect the personalities of the saints The statues extend farther from the building - no longer conform to the column form

1200 CE HIGH GOTHIC Increase in naturalism Jamb statues Annunciation on the left Visitation on the right Differences in statues is because they were created by different workshops The Visitation figures are completely independent of the columns The Visitation figures show a weight shift similar to a contrapposto stance and interact with each other

1300 CE LATE GOTHIC Severe weight shift = S-curve Gothic S-curve seems forced instead of natural The folds in the robe are developed, but do not reveal the natural structure of Mary's body

1300 CE to 1325 CE GERMANY Conveys intense emotionalism Lacking in naturalism, but compensates with emotion Intense grief on Mary's face Body of Christ - accentuate suffering through emaciated figure and grotesque wounds