AP America’s History 6th Edition Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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Jamestown
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-Leader: John Smith, saved colony -A Virginia Company Colony -Goals: Profits from tobacco -Turns into a royal company after bankruptcy -self-rule at beginning -Economic: Tobacco plantations Religion: Anglican -Fails at first because first settlers were higher class men who didn't want to work to make food and stuff.
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Virginia Company
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-Joint Stock Company -Designed to make money
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Baltimore Colony
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-leader: Lord Calvert a.k.a. Lord Baltimore -Proprietary colony Religion: English Catholic until late 1600s then it was protestant -English Catholics ran away from the Puritans and made the Act of Toleration with the Protestants until the Protestants rebelled and repealed it. Goal: to get religious freedom Economic: grew tobacco
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Act of Toleration (1643)
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-Created by Lord Baltimore -Grants all Christians the right to follow their own religious beliefs and hold church services. -but was actually to protect Catholics from Protestant domination
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Plymouth Colony
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Goal: religious freedom and economic prosperity -Separatists seeking independence from royal control Characteristics: Mayflower Contract -got along well with natives (just first generation)
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Leader: John Winthrop Goal: religious freedom -Puritans unhappy with Church of England -Joint stock company that became a representative political system -Voters (men) had to be Puritan -No respect for natives -fur trade
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John Winthrop
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City Upon a Hill
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Navigation Acts
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Allowed only English or colonial-owned ships to enter American ports.
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Indentured Servants
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-pay their way over to new world by becoming a servant.
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Spain
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Economics: Gold + silver Religion: Roman Catholic Social: treated natives poorly -took many slaves
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France
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Religion: Calvinists Social: nicer to natives Economics: Fur trade
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Bacon's Rebellion (1675)
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-poor farmers rebelling against rich land owners Rebelling against: -inequality of economic opportunity -no voting rights to landless - should limit governors authority * demonstrates if you rise up you can get things accomplished -Falling tobacco prices created financial hardship and the rebellion -contributes to the growth of slavery
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Triangle Trade
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Sugar from West Indie to England Rum from England to Africa Slaves from Africa to West Indies
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Puritans
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-predestination -saved only if they obeyed gods law -believed in the necessity for a trained and educated ministry -Founded Harvard and Yale -mission: to build a Christian society --strict code of moral conduct
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Half-way Covenant
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People can take part in church without taking an oath -interests in other things besides church -gives power to church -for having members -Gives respect to people who attend church
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Deism
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-God is the divine watchmaker -makes everything then leaves -leaves human day to day things to the humans
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Roger Williams
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Banished from Massachusetts Bay for disagreeing with their beliefs. -creates Rhode Island -religious toleration and freedom of thought
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Rhode Island
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Leader: Roger Williams Religion: no established church -every congregation was independent, and individuals could worship god as they pleased.
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Anne Hutchinson
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-Banished from Massachusetts Bay for struggle over gender roles and religious doctrine --challenged clerical authority and claimed to have revelations from god. -went to Rhode Island.
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Hartford
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Leader: Thomas Hooker -voting to most property owning men Religion: Puritan
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Salem Witch Trials (1692)
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-girls accused the more respected members of salem -ends abruptly when governors wife is accused -Massachusetts pays victims -Trials blur state and church -used spectral evidence
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Spectral Evidence
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Evidence from dreams or visions
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House of Burgesses
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First legislative assemble in Virginia
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Proprietary Charters
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-would be given to people who king liked -gave king better control over colony -better loyalty from colony
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Headright System
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-demonstrated that colonists thought there was limitless land. -male head got 100 acres ---for each additional male adult they got 50 more acres ---50 more acres for each indentures servant
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Mayflower Contract
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first democratic institution
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Metacom's (King Philip) War in New England
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Concludes that only military resistance can save Indian Culture and lands. Only stops when Indias run out of ammo and Metacom is killed
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Jesuits
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Also known as the Society of Jesus -a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. -french -respected Indians
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Henry Hudson
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English navigator who discovered the Hudson River
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West India Company
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-Dutch -had a monopoly over the American fur trade and West African slave trade
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New Amsterdam
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-founded by the Dutch --West India Company -really good fur trading -did not thrive -vulnerable to rival European nations due to no one wanting to live there -to get people to move the West India Company granted huge estates along Hudson River to wealthy Dutchmen with te proviso that each proprietor settle fifty tenants on the land within four years or lose his grant
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Governor William Berkley
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The governor Bacon rebelled against because he was not protecting his people, he was using favoritism as a form of government and trading with indians for personal gain
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Joint-stock
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A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.
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Proprietors
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persons given large areas of land by a charter from the king
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Town Meeting
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most colonies type of main institution of local government
