Antrho 9, 10, 11 – Flashcards
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Malinowski found that the Trobriand Islanders used magic
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in psychologically stressful situations, such as sailing.
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What frequently occurs during the liminal phase of a rite of passage?
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Reversals of ordinary behavior
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Polytheism refers to
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belief in multiple gods.
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What kind of religion is most frequently found among foraging bands?
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Shamanic
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Cargo cults, which mix Melanesian and Christian beliefs, are:
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Religious responses to the expansion of the world capitalistic economy, often with political and economic consequences.
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In terms of energy consumption, what nation consumes the most nonrenewable resources today?
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United States
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Which of the following resulted from the growing demand for sugar in Europe?
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The transatlantic slave trade developed.
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Which of the following statements about Marx is not true?
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He viewed socioeconomic stratification in terms of several classes with different but complementary interests.
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Higher wages and improved benefits for workers in core nations is possible because added surplus from the periphery enables companies to maintain high profit margins.
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True
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In Del Guercio's reader article:
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Davis argued that it was the fear of becoming a zombie, not the fear of zombies themselves, which constituted the "social control" aspect of this religion.
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According to Gmelch's article "Baseball Magic," players engage in this "magic" because
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it gives them a sense of control and confidence
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Which of the following statements about world-system theory is not true?
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It deals exclusively with non-Western, horticultural societies.
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The former Soviet Union, as well as the socialist and previously socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia, are sometimes referred to as
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The Second World.
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What are the three positions that nations occupy in the world system?
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Core, periphery, and semiperiphery
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According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?
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Wealth, power, prestige
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The modern world system is best understood as
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A global system in which nations are economically and politically interdependent.
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According to the Lappe and Collins' article "Why can't people feed themselves?" the hunger problem in the world today is due to:
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ongoing historical processes
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Which of the following is a major difference between Brazilian and American racial classifications?
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In the United States, social race is determined at birth and does not change, but in Brazil, racial identity can change from day to day.
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In Japan, burakumin
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suffer from discrimination as members of a stigmatized minority group.
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In chapter 11 of our textbook we learn that the largest minority ethnic group in the United States (using the terms of the U.S. Census Bureau) is:
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Hispanic
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"Race" is
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culturally constructed.
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What term refers to the devaluing of a group because of its assumed behavior, values, abilities, or attributes?
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Prejudice
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Why is it important to understand that human racial categories are based upon perceptions of phenotypic features and not on genotypes?
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Because race is socially constructed, not biologically determined
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What is the term for ethnic groups that once had, or wish to have or regain, autonomous political status?
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Nationalities
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When a dominant group compels a minority group to adopt the dominant culture, this is known as
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forced assimilation.
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Which of the following statements would apply to both ethnicity and race?
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Both terms are cultural rather than biological categories.
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The theory that people in risky or unpredictable situations will often resort to magic or religion to alleviate their fears is known as
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anxiety theory.
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Halloween allows children, who are usually perceived of as innocent and powerless, to misbehave and demand candy from strangers. This is an example of:
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a ritual of inversion.
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Which of the following statements about religions is not true?
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Religion serves only to maintain social solidarity; it does not create or maintain social divisions.
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What kind of magic is based on the belief that whatever is done to an object will affect a person who once had contact with it?
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Contagious magic
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What term refers to the manipulation of the supernatural to accomplish specific goals?
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Magic
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Which of the following points is not consistent with Chapter 10's discussion of world religions?
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There is no variation in the growth rate of different groups of Christians.
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Industrialization and mass production have given rise to a culture of consumption.
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True
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The term indigenous peoples is used to refer to
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the original inhabitants of particular territories.
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Modern colonialism began
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during the European "Age of Discovery."
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The anthropologist Lucas Bessire describes his work in the Gran Chaco jungle, which is said to have "one of the world's highest local deforestation rates" (at least when the article was written in 2008) because of:
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the clearing for extensive cattle-ranching
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Lucas Bessire reports in his article "Isolation" that many southern Ayoreo groups were attacked by northern Ayoreo groups, starting in 1947, when those less isolated Native American groups obtained shotguns from:
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Christian missionaries in the newly established villages
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Which of the following statements about British colonialism is not true?
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It lacked an intervention philosophy.
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The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as
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colonialism.
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Which of the following statements does not characterize the modern world system?
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The U.S. lags behind India and China in total energy consumption.
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Rather than attempting to classify humans into racial categories on a biological basis, biologists and anthropologists are:
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focusing on individual physical traits and explaining why specific biological variations occur
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"Hispanic" is a racial category referring to people who are biologically descended from indigenous Central or South American populations.
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False
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The anti-Basque campaign waged during the Franco dictatorship in Spain is an example of
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forced assimilation.
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