question

Clan mothers

answer

chosen informally today by the Mohawk based on public recognition of their good advice, intelligence, and personal charisma.

question

Clans

answer

named groups of people who believe that they are relatives even though they may not be able to trace their actual relationships with all members of their group.

question

Bilateral descent

answer

a kinship principle in which people belong to the kinship groups of both their mother and their father.

question

__________ marriage is common in Middle Eastern Arab societies where patrilineal descent systems prevail.

answer

Parallel cousin

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__________ systems are ones in which kinship group membership and inheritance passes through the female line.

answer

Matrilineal

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__________ systems are ones in which kinship group membership and inheritance passes through the male line.

answer

Patrilineal

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kindred

answer

a group consisting of known bilateral relatives with whom people interact, socialize, and rely on for economic and emotional assistance.

question

exogamy

answer

A marriage principle in which people cannot marry members of their own lineage or clan but instead must forge alliances with members of other groups.

question

endogamy

answer

A marriage principle in which people marry members of their own group.

question

A Mohawk household usually consisted of __________.

answer

an elder woman, her husband, their daughters and daughters' families, and the couples' unmarried sons

question

patriarchy

answer

A social system in which men occupy positions of social, economic, and political power from which women are excluded.

question

kinship system

answer

A system of determining who one's relatives are and what one's relationship is to them.

question

totem

answer

An animal or plant believed by a group of people to have been their primordial ancestor or protector

question

Avoidance relationships characterizes relationships between who in many societies?

answer

parents-in-law and children-in-law

question

Divorces are easier to acquire in matrilineal societies because __________.

answer

children are linked to the matriline by their mother, so fatherhood has a diminished role in kinship

question

Divorces are more difficult to get in patrilineal systems than matrilineal systems because __________.

answer

children are linked by fathers to their lineage, but by birth to their mothers

question

How will a Dine person give their name when introducing his or her self?

answer

mother's clan, father's clan, personal name

question

In matrilineal societies men often suffer from split loyalties because __________.

answer

their children belong to another lineage, but their primary obligations are to their own lineage

question

In matrilineal societies, a man is often needed by and is loyal to __________.

answer

both his and his wife's families

question

In patrilineal descent groups, women bear children for their husband's lineage and are __________ members of their own descent group.

answer

secondary

question

In the matrilineal Trobriand Islander society, men raise yams, but because they work lands through matrilineal ties, the produce belongs to the man's __________.

answer

sister

question

unilineal descent

answer

Principle of descent in which people define themselves in relation to only one side, either their mother's side or their father's side.

question

bilateral descent

answer

Principle of descent in which people think of themselves as related to both their mother's kin and their father's kin at the same time.

question

cross cousin

answer

The child of one's mother's brother or of one's father's sister.

question

parallel cousin

answer

The child of one's mother's sister or of one's father's brother.

question

The great majority of known unilineal descent systems around the world are __________.

answer

patrilineal

question

The notion of kinship is essentially __________, not based on universal, objective criteria.

answer

social and symbolic

question

The smallest kinship unit is a __________ in which a set of relatives trace descent from a known common ancestor.

answer

lineage

question

What is the advantage of bilateral descent groups in foraging societies?

answer

Such groups make claims for assistance on a wide group of related people possible

question

matriarchies

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No society is matriarchal in the same way that some societies are truly patriarchal

question

What is the advantage of bilateral descent groups in industrial societies?

answer

Such groups make it possible to loosen obligations to kin.

question

__________ culture is an exception to the nearly universal rule that young children remain with their mothers after a divorce.

answer

Saudi Arabian

question

__________ is a pattern of residence after marriage in which the couple alternates between living with the wife's kin and the husband's kin.

answer

Bilocal

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__________ is marriage between one man and two or more women.

answer

Polygyny

question

"Dowry death"

answer

the murder or suicide of a new bride because the groom's family is unhappy with the size of the dowry received

question

brideservice

answer

a period of months or years before or after marriage during which the husband performs labor for his wife's parents

question

Bridewealth is typically __________ in the case of a divorce.

answer

returned

question

Castes are not __________ normally.

answer

exogamous

question

owry requests in India may be __________ in popularity and __________.

answer

rising, size

question

Economic deterrents to divorce in some cultures include __________ and __________.

answer

dowries, bride wealth

question

dowry

answer

Gifts given by the wife's family to the married couple or to the husband's kin before, during, or after the wedding ceremony.

question

In arranging a marriage, it is more typical for the __________ to make an offer of marriage.

answer

groom's family

question

In extreme patriarchal societies, who usually has the right to divorce?

answer

men

question

in ghost marriages, the __________ of the dead man provides the dead man's wife with children so that his lineage will continue.

answer

younger brother

question

In India, __________ has contributed to the preference of sons over daughters.

answer

high dowries

question

In joint and extended families conflicts over __________ are common.

answer

authority and inheritance

question

In which traditional Native American society does a woman signal divorce by waiting for her husband to leave the house, then placing all his belongings outside.

answer

Diné

question

Many researchers have noted that in patrilineal, patrilocal societies __________ are the greatest source of difficulty for newly married women.

answer

mothers-in-law

question

Marriage between a woman and two or more men is called __________.

answer

polyandry

question

Nuclear families risk what?

answer

social isolation

question

Polyandry usually occurs in societies __________.

answer

with a shortage of women

question

bridewealth

answer

Presents given by the husband's family to the wife's kin before, during, or after the wedding ceremony.

question

The American Anthropological Association issued a statement in 2003 in support of what?

answer

the legitimacy and viability of all family types

question

The amount of bridewealth given reflects what?

answer

he wealth of the groom's family and the esteem the groom's family has for the bride's family

question

The family of the bride may benefit from paying dowry by__________.

answer

converting part of their material wealth into increased status

question

The lovers of Nayar women establish the paternity of children by __________.

answer

giving three gifts a year to the woman as long as they are lovers

question

The Na, an ethnic group in southern China, __________.

answer

do not recognize marital ties or obligations at all

question

The narrative about marriage from Iraq reveals tensions between __________ and __________, the usual result of marriages in patrilineal societies.

answer

wives, mothers-in-law

question

The Nuer place such a high importance on the continuation of senior lineages that __________ are conducted to supply heirs if a man dies without children.

answer

ghost marriages

question

The usual pattern of post-marital residence in the United States and Europe is __________.

answer

neolocal

question

Today, __________ is illegal in India.

answer

asking for or receiving dowries

question

Tswana men in southern Africa can __________ if they manage to acquire a greater number of wives.

answer

produce greater farm surpluses

question

What is one reason that sororal polygyny might be preferred when a man will have multiple wives?

answer

it reduces friction among wives at home

question

household

answer

a group of people who share a common dwelling

question

What purpose do woman-woman marriages serve in Nuer society?

answer

They allow a woman to act as a husband so that a lineage without an heir can produce one.

question

Which kinds of societies tend to have the most flexible attitudes toward divorce?

answer

foraging and horticultural societies

question

Which of the following is a reason that fraternal polyandry is practiced by some cultures in the Himalayas?

answer

Fraternal polyandry prevents family land from being fragmented by inheritance over time

question

dowry payments

answer

The family of the bride may benefit from dowry payment because they can use wealth to achieve greater status. Correct

question

uxorilocal

answer

a residence pattern in which a newly married couple resides with or near the wife's parents

question

Shamans

answer

part-time religious specialists who make contact with the spirit world through prayer, ritual, and trance.

question

Nativistic movements

answer

revitalization movements attempting to rid society of foreign elements and return to what is conceived to be a prior state of cultural purity.

question

Rites of renewal

answer

rituals performed with the goal of renewing the bounty of the earth.

question

cosmology

answer

religious worldview of a people, including beliefs about the origin of the world, the pantheon of deities that exist, and their relationship to the spirit realm.

question

A belief in witchcraft may be a vehicle for __________.

answer

the expression of anger of envy

question

Although rituals have symbolic meanings, performing rituals is aimed at __________.

answer

obtaining practical results

question

Anthropologists analyze religious beliefs and rituals using __________ and __________ perspectives, reviewing objective conditions and subjective experiences.

answer

etic, emic

question

Belief in the existence of numerous deities that have specific attributes, powers, and functions is called __________.

answer

polytheism

question

Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam began as __________.

answer

revitalization movements

question

Cargo cults relied upon the principle of __________ in following ritualized behaviors modeled on Europeans by which they expected to receive wealth from divine entities

answer

imitative magic

question

priests

answer

Full-time religious specialists

question

Fundamentalism is on the rise in Christian and Muslim groups. This can be attributed to __________.

answer

a response to perceived social crises

question

In Japan, the keeping of tablets which record the lives of dead male and female relatives and the performance of commemorative rituals for these tablets is known as __________.

answer

ancestor worship

question

In Korea, spirit possession more commonly affects women who __________.

answer

experience tensions and conflicts in their home life

question

In Latino populations, a traditional spiritual disease that healers treat is susto, which is believed to be __________.

answer

soul loss

question

In some cultures, such as Amish, puberty is a period during which deviant behavior is permitted in order to __________.

answer

ease tensions in societies that expect strict codes of behavior to be followed thereafter

question

Maasai women in Tanzania have experienced a rise in __________ as the economic situation has changed and gender roles have become more rigid.

answer

spirit possessions

question

Monotheistic religions are prevalent in societies that __________.

answer

have a supreme ruler

question

sacrifices

answer

Offerings that honor spirits by giving up something important

question

One explanation for the value of spirit possession is that it provides __________.

answer

a vehicle for emotional release

question

diviners

answer

Persons with the power to predict the future through messages and omens from the spirit world

question

Thanksgiving in the United States is an example of a __________.

answer

rite of renewal

question

possession

answer

The most direct form of communication with the spirit realm

question

The term "supernatural" may not be the most fitting term to describe religion, as some societies __________.

answer

regard the spirit realm as ever-present and a part of the natural world

question

totemism

answer

a belief system in which people believe they are descendents of spirit beings

question

mana

answer

the term for a force, power, or essence that endows people, animals, other living things, and possibly inanimate objects with special qualities or powers

question

monotheism

answer

belief systems that hold to the existence of one supreme deity who has powers and knowledge that affect all aspects of life

question

imitative magic

answer

magic that operates on the principle of "like causes like"

question

contagious magic

answer

magic that operates on the principle that positive and negative qualities can be transferred through proximity or contact

question

An example of a taboo

answer

Avoiding certain foods at certain times such as during pregnancy.

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