Anthropology Identifications – Flashcards
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Buckskin Analogy
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The Buckskin analogy is a traditional analogy used by the Western Apache to show the social significance they attach to joking by likening the development of solidarity in interpersonal relationships to the process by which 'deer hides' are fashioned into pieces of fine 'buckskin'.
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Where is the Buckskin Analogy from?
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This term is featured in Keith Basso's, Portraits of the Whiteman.
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What is the Buckskin Analogy's importance?
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The significance of the buckskin analogy is that bonds, which are shared by members of a group, form a social meaning. For example, the Apache negotiate their identities through their relationships with one another. When boundaries are stretched, it may affect the group's bond.
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Carnival
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Carnival refers to a paradigmatic space of alternate social order for expression of aspirations for better ways of life and critiques the status quo forms of life.
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Where is Carnival from?
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Featured in the lecture on Ritual Techniques from Mikhail Bakhtin's Dissertation, Rabelais and Folk Culture of the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
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What is Carnival's overall importance to solving general anthropological problems?
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The conditions and techniques that enable carnival worlds to come into being are explored in...and this extremely organized world create a sense of spontaneity through...
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Code-Switching
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The shifting from one linguistic code set to another, can be strategically applied to communicate social meanings.
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Where is the term Code-Switching from?
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This term is featured in Keith Basso's, Portraits of the Whiteman.
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What is Code-Switchings significance in terms of the general problems in Anthropology?
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form of social commentary that pertain to the context of the situation in which they occur. Language and society, using a specific code shows what you are not. Reflects judgments and thoughts, also non joking ways. Shakespeare in the Bush-changing contexts.
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Communitas
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An aspect of the liminal realm that involves feelings of communal unity and connectedness.
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Where is the term 'communitas' from?
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This term is used in Lee Gilmores Theater in a Crowded Fire and is borrowed from Turner/Van Genep's theories on ritual process.
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What is the over all importance of this concept in terms of the general problems in anthropology?
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Forming relationships in the community, look at community aspects. Why you need to participate b/c if you don't you feel othered. Emphasizes why you need participant observation of things.
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Convivencia
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Means to coexist.
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Where is the term Convivencia located?
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In the lecture on Ritual technique from Professor Brad Erickson's Field Work.
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How does Convivencia help solve General problems in Anthropology?
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...
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The Culture of Poverty Thesis
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The idea that poor blacks didn't work because they didn't value employment as highly as other ethnic groups did, and they transmitted this attitude across generations
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Where is the Culture of Poverty Thesis found?
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This term is used in Sudhir Venkastesh's Gang leader for a day.
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What is the term Culture of Poverty Thesis' importance in answering the General problems in Anthropology?
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Race relations, transmission/recreation of stereotypes (blood libel), making it hard for people to overcome prejudice, hartigan- should we talk about these prejudices? Or not? Pretend like they don't exist? Color blind racism.
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Discipline
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A technology, a type of power, a 'micro-physics' of power by which power invests us, shapes us and controls us and has invested all other mechanisms of power, all became disciplinary power
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In what course readings or lectures was the term Discipline used?
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This term is used in Michel Foucault's, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.
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How does the term Discipline relate to the general problems in Anthropology?
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Insight into human nature, institutions, hard to talk to people and get truth because they feel like they're being watched so you have to spend more time with them to get the whole truth, so they feel comfortable being themselves, being honest.
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Ethnography of Speaking
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Looking at how Anthropology vs. linguistics and philology are different and how the anthropological method is different; Includes elements such as speech events, constituent factors in speech events, and functions of speech.
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Where is the term Ethnography of Speaking from?
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Featured in Dell Hyme's, Ethnography of Speaking.
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How does the Ethnography of Speaking help solve General Anthropological problems?
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Understanding how speech is used, affects the view of the world, limited expression how it shapes your view of certain things, effect of language on culture. Does speech lead one to believe that one's language reflects one's culture? Function over structure.
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Fa'fafine
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An accepted third gender in Samoa where men take on women's roles such as housework.
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Where is the term Fa'fafine from?
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Featured in the film Paradise Bent and in Serena Nanda's Neither Man now Woman.
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How does the term Fa'fafine help solve the general problems of Anthropology?
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Cross cultural perspective of intersex people. Cultural context provides a niche for these people. Pg 149 last sentence.
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Face Work
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Repertoire of face saving practices; face= positive social value of self, the value you place on your image. Includes avoidance, corrective interchange, and aggressive use of facework.
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Where does the term Face Work come from?
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Featured in the lecture about Language and Society, by Erving Goffman, On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction
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How does the term face work contribute to solving the general problems of Anthropology?
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Basso, Junk politics, Social capital
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Good Religion
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Good religion refers to religion that is socially integrative and serves social stability and solidarity. True/good religion became associated with the academy, it is monotheistic, compatible with democracy and controlled.
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Where is the term Good Religion from?
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This term is used in Robert Orsi's Between Heaven and Earth
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How does the term Good Religion help address or solve the general problems of Anthropology?
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Order? Othering? Dichotomies (gender)
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Grotesque
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A sense of participation in cycle of life and death/ death and renewal; emphasis on bodily openness to the world through eating, evacuation and sex.
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Where is the term Grotesque from?
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Featured in the lecture on Ritual Techniques, Mikhail Bahktin, Rabelais and His World.
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How does the term Grotesque and the roles it plays in the ethnographies we've read, or lectures we've listened too contribute to solving general Anthropological problems?
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Carnival, liminality, outside the default world, provides an outlet for social commentary where it is acceptable kind of like how joking is acceptable in certain contexts. Importance of context and space, building community.
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Grue
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A basic color term describing green and blue.
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Where is the term Grue from?
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Term featured in the lecture about Language and Society by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay, Basic Color terms; Their Universality and Evolution.
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How does the term Grue contribute to understanding and/or dealing with General Anthropological problems.
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Sapir-whorf, does language form your reality? Different cultures view the same things differently, color, relationships (Shakespeare in the bush) No Universal emotions, stories, truths etc.
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Habitus
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The interactions between the elements of generation, gender, society, and culture are expressed in the habitus, where "in them we should see the techniques and work of collective and individual practical reason "(pg 73). Every society has its own specific bodily habits that are instilled, leading each "technique" to have its own unique form that are learned through practice, education and at the psychological and biological levels
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Where is the term Habitus from?
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This term is featured in Marcel Mauss' Techniques of the body
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How does the term Habitus help solve or address general problems in anthropolgy?
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provides a way to study the Imponderablia of life. Malinowski
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Heart Tropes
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"heart tropes employ personal testimony to create an experience of intimacy, sincere and authentic; the feelings and thoughts aren't easily dismissed as abstract, predictable, partisan mouthing's." "They strengthen the heart alone, not records of accomplishments, not positions on issues, not argued for priorities..." (pg 163 of reader). Emphasize emotions and feeling deemphasizes facts and rationale.
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What reading or lecture is the term Heart Tropes from?
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This term I featured in Benjamin DeMott's, Junk Politics.
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How does the term Heart Trope help solve or address general problems in Anthropology?
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How people don't tell you the whole truth, manipulate emotions, emphasize favorable aspects, form of language that key informants use, how can you distinguish (Nanda, Venkatesh)
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Heterotopia
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Heterotopias are institutions where we place individuals whose behavior is outside the norm (hospitals, asylums, prisons, rest homes, cemetery)
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What reading or lecture is the term Heterotopia from?
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This term is featured in Focault's Discipline and Punish: The Birth of a New Prison.
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How does the term Heterotopia help solve or address general problems in Anthropology?
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Physical othering, parallel to utopia.
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Hijra
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In India, the name given to a person who has both the male and female genitals or a man who goes through the emasculation ceremony, who is a member of a traditional social organization, part cult and part caste of hijras, who worship the goddess Bahuchara Mata. Hijras may be eunuchs with partial surgical sex reassignment; their sexuoerotic role is as women with men
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Where is the term Hijra from?
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This term is featured in Serena Nanda's book neither Neither Man nor Woman.
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How does the term Hijra contribute to solving general problems in Anthropology?
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using gender roles and dichotomous language to describe something that's neither. Not having the language to truly label. Making categories, but can only do w/ terms you already have.
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Ideology
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"A worldview that both grounds and reproduces particular social orders. This concept keys on rationalizations (or contestations) of the use of power to maintain operations of social advantage and disadvantage" (pg 210 hartigan).
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Where is the term Ideology from?
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This term is featured in John Hartigan's, Race in the 21st century.
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How does the term Ideology contribute to solving general problems in Anthropology?
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understanding and analyzing racism, understanding how racist beliefs are produced and reproduced.
