Anthropology Chapter 3 review – Flashcards
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when did prokaryotes first appear?
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3.7 billion years ago
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nucleotide bases in the nuclear DNA don't include?
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uracil
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in mammals, the male parent's gametes determine the sex of his offspring because:
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the Y chromosome is present in males only.
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what are gametes?
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haploid
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how does down syndrome occur?
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because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome
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DNA is important for protein synthesis because:
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it is biological code for the production of hormones and enzymes it serves as a template for protein production it provides the code to produce structural proteins
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what do proteins consist of?
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chains of amino acids
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what is transcription?
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occurs in the nucleus
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RNA differs from DNA in that it uses:
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uracil instead of thymine
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transfer RNA:
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seeks complementary triplet strands of mRNA codons contains codons that correspond to specific amino acids brings amino acids together to form polypeptide chains
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what gene is responsible for lactose persistence among adults in Europe?
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regulatory gene
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what are Hox genes:
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responsible for the development and location of key body parts
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meiosis results in the production of:
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4 gametes
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Human ABO blood types are:
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determined by multiple alleles
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what are Microsatellites are
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highly individualized repetitive stretches of nuclear DNA
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the presence of a recessive allele:
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is usually masked in the phenotype
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the expression of polygenic traits:
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is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction with environmental factors
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polymerase chain reaction (PCR):
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allows us to use genetic methods to explore the origins and movements of populations is used to amplify tiny sequences of DNA for study allows us to study small amounts of DNA available in ancient skeletons
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somatic cells:
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each includes a nucleus they are used in multiple tissues throughout the body each contains a complete copy of all of an organisms DNA
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when is the chromosome number reduced?
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meiosis
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Mendel's law of segregation
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one physical unit is inherited from the father and one from the mother
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
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asserts that traits linked to different chromosomes are inherited independently from one another. Ex: hair color is inherited independently from eye color.
