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Two types of australopithecines were using two different types of locomotion in East Africa

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One was a climber and the other a biped

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A hominid is defined as having the following obligate behaviors

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Bipedal locomotion and non-honing chewing complex

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Beginning more than 3MYA, at least two lineages of hominid emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that

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included the now extinct descendants of Au. Afarensis

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Ardi was adapted to life in trees and

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on the ground

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The oldest australopithecine(4 to1 mya) species is

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Au. anamensis

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The __ hypothesis about hominin bipedalism states that energy-efficient walking on two legs so that hominins could search for food that was dispersed as a result of climatic changes at the end of the Miocene

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Patchy Forest

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Humans use their molars for

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crushing

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The laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having a

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All of the above: Rounded heel, non divergent big toe, double arch

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Australopithecus garb has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it

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Had longer legs relative to arm length than other Australopithecus

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Speech, advanced cognition, and complex material culture

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Do not define a hominin

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__ arose around 3.5mya and gave rise to at least two branches of hominins later australopithecines and the genus Homo

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Au. afarensis

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Australopithecines robustus's large masticatory complex (large molars, face, and muscles) indicate an adaption to

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Eating foods requiring heavy chewing

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In an argument with your parents, they claim that the only difference between australopithecines and early Homo species is that the latter had a bigger brain. You argue that there are other differences, such as

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In addition to a larger brain early Homo species have a smaller face and smaller teeth

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The __ hypothesis proposed by Owen Lovejoy states that the advantages of males carrying food and brining it to females and young could have contributes to the rise of bipedalism

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Provisioning

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The earliest Australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than

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4 may

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The Oldowan tool complex attributes to __, making that hominid species the first to use tools

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Au Garhi

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In addition to bipedalism, what is the other major difference between apes and hominins?

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Hominins have non-honing chewing

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Robust Australopithecine species include

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Au. Aethiopicus

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The best known australopithecines, represented by hundreds of fossils and dozens of individuals found mostly at Laetoli and Hadar is

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Au. Afarensis

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The genus Australopithecine includes hominins that lived about

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4 to 1 mya

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Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include

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All are correct: Free hands for other uses, ability to run long distances, increased ability to see greater distances

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Using tools and toolmaking is an adaptation by hominins linked to:

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Bipedalism

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Your old roommate is in Australia on a one-year study abroad program. She excitedly Skypes you and says her Aborigine friend mentioned an australopithecine skull he discovered while on "walkabout" in the desert. The skull has a small brain and shows some wear on the tip of the canines. You respond that

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There is no evidence that australopithecines ever left Africa.

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You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

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thighbones that angle in toward the knees

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Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa. It had:

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large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest.

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The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests:

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became patchy and food more dispersed.

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Evidence indicating that Orrorin tugenensis was bipedal comes mainly from which part of the skeleton?

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femur (thighbone)

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Your mom has started complaining to you about her varicose veins and is thinking about surgery. You try to convince her not to by noting that

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People might not mind varicose veins as much if they realized they were a direct consequence of bipedalism.

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Robust australopithecines differ from earlier australopithecines in their

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Smaller front teeth, larger faces, larger back teeth

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Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

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monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism.

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Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with:

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animal bones with cutmarks.

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Humans differ from apes because

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humans use spoken language.

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The Oldowan tool complex is attributed to __________________, making that hominin species the first to use tools.

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Au. garhi

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Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

answer

included the now extinct descendants of Au. afarensis.

Anthropology Chapter 10 – Flashcards

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