ANTH 201 TEST 2 (CHAP 7) – Flashcards
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The space a species occupies and what it eats are called its:
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ecological niche
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When an organism actively perturbs the environment or when it actively moves into a different environment, it is engaging in:
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niche construction
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David Rindos argued that plant domestication came about because:
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There were natural selection effects on the plants based on the unconscious activities of people in eating and propagating the plants
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According to Bruce Smith, the ancestors of domesticated seed plants were:
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Weedy generalists that thrived in disturbed environments and had dietary appeal
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To be dispersed successfully in its wild state, wheat requires:
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brittle rachis
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The process of increasingly permanent human habitation in one place is called:
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sedentism
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Why is the discovery of remains of many immature male herd animals at a site taken as evidence of human involvement with a herd?
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> Hunters kill animals they find; they do not go out of their way to kill only young males > Only a small number of males are required for reproduction in a managed herd > In a larger group, females provide more offspring, more milk, and other bi-products (wool, hair)
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The earliest evidence for goat herding is from:
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11,000 - 10,000 before the present
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The evidence from Natufian burials leads scholars like Donald Henry to conclude that:
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Natufian society developed social divisions with unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige (social stratification)
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How did the Natufians respond to the changes in the resources they depended on?
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> Natufians in the Southern part abandoned the settlement and returned to simple foraging, developing "Harifian Culture" > In the Central core, the people tried to keep the cereal plants growing in areas that were no longer ideal for them
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Archaeologists are coming to agree that domestication was everywhere invented by:
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Complex foragers living in areas of relatively abundant resources
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According to the text, how do sedentism and domestication represent a change in worldview?
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> Lands were no longer a free good; transformed into particular territories (Collectively or Individually owned) > Fields and herds connected people to places > Transformation of environment in dramatic ways > Break periods between pregnancies was reduced (required children for work force) > Woman now sowed, harvests and stored goods > Decline in the quality of diet
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A form of social organization in which people have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige is called:
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social stratification
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A ranked group within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria is referred to as:
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class
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Constructions on a greater-than-human scale are examples of:
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monumental architecture (pyramids, temples, tombs)
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Archaeologists digging at a site in Southwest Asia find a series of burials that differ in size, construction, and the quantity of objects found in each. The archaeologists might conclude that the society responsible for the burials was:
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stratified
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A society in which one person and his or her relatives have privileged access to wealth, power, and prestige is called a:
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chiefdom
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Which of the following has been an explanation proposed for the rise of complex societies?
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> The need arose to construct and maintain irrigation systems in dry regions > Population pressure required someone to exercise power to allocate resources and keep social chaos from erupting > Sedentary life in farming villages gave people the leisure time to invent social and technological complexity
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Sociocultural features that have been suggested as leading to the rise of social complexity include:
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internal conflict/resentment b/w rich chiefs and common people
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Which of the following is NOT an Andean society of the pre-Spanish conquest period?
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> Moche, Nazca, Tiwanaku, Wari, Chimu, Inkas
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The Inka Empire differed from the earlier Chimú culture because it was based in:
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> Rural Villages
