question

In Chapter 1, How is Mr. Jones portrayed?

answer

He is portrayed as a reckless alcoholic.

question

In Chapter 1, Why has Major called the meeting?

answer

Major has called the meeting to tell about his dream and revolution and how bad humans are, he thinks he'll die soon.

question

In Chapter 1, What is the political statement that emerges from Major's dream?

answer

Major says that all animals will rebel because all people are evil; rebellion and freedom, man overworks and doesn't feed the animals. As long as the animals do work, they don't care if the animals die.

question

In Chapter 1, What was Major's warning to the animals?

answer

He said to never exploit another animal and that all animals must be equal.

question

In Chapter 1, What evil human habits does Major warn the animals about?

answer

Major says for the animals to never wear clothes, drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, sleep in a bed, etc. Clothing ruins a sense of equality.

question

In Chapter 1, What was Major's description of the equality of animals?

answer

It is pretty much the foundation of communism. All animals contribute according to talent and take only what they need.

question

In Chapter 1, Of what world does Major dream?

answer

Major dreams of an earth without man.

question

In Chapter 1, Why does Orwell describe "Beasts of England" as "a stirring tune, something between "Clementine" and "La Cucuracha"?"

answer

Those are catchy tunes and they remember the catchy tune faster, "Beasts of England" is their "National Anthem."

question

In Chapter 1, Which animals learn the song quickly?

answer

The pigs and the dogs learn the song quickly, they are the smartest.

question

In Chapter 1, How do the animals respond to the song?

answer

The animals loved the song and sang it over and over, the song arouses comraderie and unity, gives them motivation and purpose.

question

In Chapter 2, What happens to Major and what are the effects of his speech?

answer

Major died three days after he told of his dream, peacefully in his sleep. The book says that "Major's speech had given to the more intelligent animals on the farm a completely new outlook on life." So the more intelligent animals, but really all the animals, had more motivation to prepare for the upcoming Rebellion and had lots of secret meetings.

question

In Chapter 2, How does this mental outlook determine the smart animals' reaction?

answer

I kind of answered this in question #1, the more intelligent animals had a completely new outlook on life and knew that the Rebellion may not occur in their lifetime, but they still prepared for it.

question

In Chapter 2, How do the other animals respond to the new philosophy?

answer

The other animals were kind of scared. They had been under the direction and "care" of Farmer Jones all their life and some of them thought that without him they would starve. Others wondered why they were concerned with something that may not happen until they die. Some wondered that "If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?"

question

In Chapter 2, The pigs are recognized as the cleverest of all animals. What human traits are given to Snowball? Napoleon? Squealer?

answer

*Snowball-* pride *Napoleon-* he always demanded things of people and believed in a communistic society, but he never pulled his weight *Squealer-* rhetoric, he was very persuasive

question

In Chapter 2, What was the pigs' major contribution to the Rebellion?

answer

The pigs held meetings that contributed to the ideas of Animalism, and taught the other animals of the new philosophy.

question

In Chapter 2, What is the effect of Moses the Raven's tale of Sugarcandy Mountain?

answer

All the animals really believed in Moses' story, and the pigs had to be very persuasive to convince them it wasn't true.

question

In Chapter 2, How does the Rebellion come about?

answer

After Farmer Jones comes home drunk and passes out, forgetting to feed them, all the animals break into the storehouses. When he and his men come and start whipping the animals, the animals attack the farmers.

question

In Chapter 2, What's the first thing the animals do to celebrate their victory?

answer

Their first celebration was to make sure there were no humans anywhere on the farm.

question

In Chapter 2, Why does Boxer discard his straw hat?

answer

The hat was a mark of a human being.

question

In Chapter 2, On the first morning, the pigs reveal they've learned to read and write. How is this typical of their behavior?

answer

They are kind of hypocritical. They always preach about how the humans are evil and they should be nothing like the humans, yet they always do things humans do.

question

In Chapter 2, How are the cows milked on the first morning and where does the milk go?

answer

The pigs milked the cows after their udders were almost bursting. They hadn't been milked in days, and they filled up five buckets. They then went away and when they came back, the milk was gone but they didn't notice.

question

In Chapter 3, As the summer passes, the animals are happier than they ever thought they could be. What causes this feeling?

answer

They had the biggest harvest the farm had ever seen, even without Farmer Jones. They also enjoyed the food more thoroughly because they produced every morsel of it.

question

In Chapter 3, Only Benjamin does not share the self-congratulatory atmosphere of the farm. What is the significance of his cryptic remarks?

answer

His remark was "Donkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey." So what he is saying is that they way they are living now may work through their lifetimes, but it won't work forever. They'll never see the way it ends. Either that or he's just saying he's old and wise, but because the book uses the word "cryptic" to describe his remarks I think he means the first idea.

question

In Chapter 3, What is the significance of the flag Snowball designs?

answer

Well, the flag is green, "to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown." It also looked very similar to Russia's flag at that time.

question

In Chapter 3, What is Snowball's attitude towards education?

answer

Snowball believed in education. He busied himself with a variety of committees, and he, like all the pigs, was literate.

question

In Chapter 3, To what extent are the animals educated?

answer

*Benjamin-* can read and write as well as any pig, but never does *Clover-* knew the entire alphabet, but couldn't put words together *Boxer-* could not get beyond the letter D, or when he learned E,F,G,H, he forgot A,B,C,D *Mollie-* refused to learn any letters other than those of her name None of the other animals on the farm could get further than A.

question

In Chapter 3, What is Napoleon's attitude towards education?

answer

Napoleon said that "the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who had grown up." After Jessie and Bluebell had nine puppies, Napoleon took them away from the rest of the farm and their mothers, and said he would educate them. He never let them out of the loft in the farm, and the rest of the farm soon forgot about their existence.

question

In Chapter 3, Snowball and Napoleon argue on almost every issue that arises. What do they agree on?

answer

They agree on educating the young.

question

In Chapter 3, What was Squealer's explanation for why the pigs must be given special food? How do the animals react?

answer

Squealer convinced everyone that they didn't like apples, and that they were especially good for the pigs, and if the pigs didn't eat them, Farmer Jones would come back. The animals obviously didn't want Farmer Jones coming back, so they believed Squealer's story and didn't want any chance of the pigs getting sick.

question

What human trait is revealed in Clover?

answer

She is very *maternal.*

question

What human trait is revealed in Boxer?

answer

He is *strong and loyal.*

question

What human trait is revealed in Benjamin?

answer

He is *cynical, old, and wise.*

question

What human trait is revealed in Mollie?

answer

She is very *vain and self-absorbed.*

question

What human trait is revealed in the cat?

answer

This animal is very *lazy, played both sides of the fence, and has no convictions.*

question

What human trait is revealed in the dogs?

answer

These animals are *elitists who hated the rats.*

question

What human trait is revealed in the pigs?

answer

These animals are very *intelligent and in charge.*

question

What human trait is revealed in the raven?

answer

This animal *symbolizes organized religion and nobody likes this animal.*

question

In Chapter 4, How do the neighboring humans react to the situation on Animal Farm?

answer

The farmers acted sympathetic, but in reality they were thinking about how they could benefit from it.

question

In Chapter 4, How does Snowball direct the Battle of the Cowshed?

answer

He studied Julius Caesar and sent out one "round" of attack at a time as to take them by surprise.

question

In Chapter 4, What is Snowball's attitude towards war?

answer

Snowball fought to kill. "War is war. The only good human is a dead one." This mimics General Custer, who fought for the Union army in the Civil War.

question

In Chapter 4, What is Boxer's attitude towards war?

answer

Boxer said, "I have no wish to take life, not even human life." He cried after he killed the humans, he didn't want to kill them, just scare them.

question

In Chapter 4, What typical organizational steps are taken after the victory in the Battle of the Cowshed?

answer

They had a funeral for the sheep that died and awarded "Animal Hero, First Class," on Boxer and Snowball.

question

In Chapter 5, Why are the pigs accepted as the planners of farm policy? What important qualification is placed on their power?

answer

The pigs were accepted as the planners of the farm policy because they were "manifestly cleverer than the other animals," but all decisions had to be approved by majority vote.

question

In Chapter 5, On what do Snowball and Napoleon disagree? How does each try to win out in such disputes?

answer

Napoleon and Snowball disagree on everything possible to disagree on. Snowball often persuaded the animals with his clever speeches, but Napoleon was better as canvassing support for himself. He was also very good with the sheep.

question

In Chapter 5, How do Napoleon and Snowball handle the bitter controversy over the windmill?

answer

They both created a mantra, and some animals rallied for Snowball, others for Napoleon. Also, at the actual voting session, Napolean has his dogs chase Snowball off of the farm.

question

In Chapter 5, What was Napoleon's mantra?

answer

Napoleon thought the windmill would be good for food, but still wanted the animals to work every day.

question

In Chapter 5, What was Snowball's mantra?

answer

Snowball thought that with the windmill, the animals would only have to work a three-day week, and they could have electricity and running water.

question

In Chapter 5, What is the first right Napoleon takes away from the animals?

answer

He said only pigs can make decisions, no voting.

question

In Chapter 5, How do the animals respond to Napoleon taking away this right?

answer

The animals were angry, but didn't know what to say.

question

In Chapter 5, What is Squealer's explanation to Napoleon's decision about the right he took away?

answer

Squealer said Napoleon had taken the extra labor upon himself, and that leadership isn't a pleasure.

question

In Chapter 5, Why is Boxer's reaction to Napoleon taking away this right important?

answer

Boxer's reaction is important because he could be inadvertently adding to the problem by always agreeing.

question

In Chapter 5, How does Squealer explain Napoleon's decision to build the windmill after all?

answer

Squealer said the windmill had been Napoleon's idea all along and Snowball stole the blueprints from Napoleon. He said Napoleon pretended to be against the windmill to get rid of Snowball, who was "bad."

question

In Chapter 6, What is the pace of work during Napoleon's first year of power?

answer

The animals worked at least a 60-hour week, the book says "they worked like slaves."

question

In Chapter 6, What is the quality of life for the animals?

answer

The animals work all the time, but the work doesn't require effort or sacrifice. I think they are kind of oppressed, because now they virtually have to work on Sundays, too.

question

In Chapter 6, Why does it become necessary to trade with the humans? How does Squealer justify this break in policy?

answer

It became necessary to trade with humans because they needed money to build the windmill. Squealer says that there never was a policy against trading with humans to begin with, it was just a lie from Snowball.

question

In Chapter 6, What is the seemingly contradictory attitude of the animals toward Mr. Whymper?

answer

The animals dreaded seeing Mr. Whymper and tried to avoid him at all costs. This could be contradictory because the animals may have been angry at him because he was a human and wanted to attack him.

question

In Chapter 6, The distortions of the Commandments concerns some of the animals. How does Squealer quell their doubts?

answer

"that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed, properly regarded. The rule was against sheets, which are a human invention. We have removed the sheets from the farmhouse beds, and sleep between blankets. And very comfortable beds they are too! But not more comfortable than we need, I can tell you, comrades, with all the brainwork we have to do nowadays. You would not rob us of our repose, would you, comrades? You would not have us too tired to carry out our duties? Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?"

question

In Chapter 6, How does Napoleon react to the destruction of the windmill? What is his motive?

answer

Napoleon blames the windmill falling on Snowball, who had crept in Animal Farm at night and destroyed their work for nearly a year. He wants everyone to hate Snowball so that they give Napoleon all of the power.

question

In Chapter 7, What is the quality of life for the animals through the winter?

answer

The winter froze the ground, so it was hard to grow crops, and it made it very hard to continue to rebuild the windmill. They were short on food because of the cold.

question

In Chapter 7, How does Napoleon handle this problem?

answer

Napoleon doesn't want the humans to know that they aren't doing well, so when Mr. Whymper comes, Napoleon never lets the other animals talk to him. He also filled the grain baskets with mostly sand and the little grain they had to make it appear like they had lots of grain. Essentially, *he made it look like nothing was wrong.*

question

In Chapter 7, How do the hens react to Napoleon's order?

answer

The hens laid their eggs on a roof so that they would roll off and break.

question

In Chapter 7, What are Snowball's winter and early spring activities?

answer

Every night, he would sneak into Animal Farm and stole corn, upset milk-pails, broke eggs, trampled the seedbeds, and gnawed bark off of fruit trees. *Napoleon really did all these things, but blamed them on Snowball so the animals liked and trusted Napoleon more.*

question

In Chapter 7, What is the outcome of Napoleon's investigation into Snowball's activities?

answer

Napoleon sees that Snowball has been all over the farm and sold himself to Pinchfield Farm. Squealer told the animals that Snowball had been secretly working with Mr. Jones from the start. *He said that Snowball wants to attack Animal Farm, and they "found the letters between Mr. Jones and Snowball."*

question

In Chapter 7, What action is taken after this discovery?

answer

Napoleon had his dogs kill anyone who admittedly worked with Snowball.

question

In Chapter 7, How do the animals respond to the executions?

answer

The animals were shocked and terrified, until this time no animal had killed another animal.

question

In Chapter 7, What is the importance of Minimus' song?

answer

"Beasts of England" was a song for the rebellion, and Minimus' new song signified that the rebellion was over and Napoleon was in charge.

question

In Chapter 8, How does Squealer distract attention from the changes in the Commandments?

answer

Squealer most of the time spoke for Napoleon, Napoleon rarely came out of his shed. He said that food production needed to be increased, so the animals did even more work.

question

In Chapter 8, What is the significance of the cockerel who marches in front of Napoleon?

answer

The cockerel trumpeted before Napoleon spoke, making him look like a king.

question

In Chapter 8, What is the quality of life of the animals?

answer

They had the same quality of life as before, but they were under more of a dictatorship now, and it was more apparent.

question

In Chapter 8, What is important about Napoleon's duplicity in the sale of the timber?

answer

He wants to get the most money possible, and this transaction with humans wasn't necessary to their survival, but the way he negotiated the price, he was doing more human things.

question

In Chapter 8, What turns the Battle of the Windmill in the animals' favor?

answer

The men were out of Animal Farm, and they were angry at the men and sought vengeance.

question

In Chapter 8, How is the victory celebrated?

answer

The flew their flag, fired guns, Napoleon gave a speech, and a funeral was given to all the animals who were killed.

question

In Chapter 8, What new vice do the pigs acquire?

answer

They started to drink alcohol.

question

In Chapter 8, What is the animals' reaction when Squealer falls from a ladder with a bucket of paint while "clarifying" another of the commandments?

answer

All the animals except Benjamin had no idea what it meant. They were just scared when they heard the ladder and bucket crashing to the ground.

question

In Chapter 9, What is the quality of the animals' lives as another year passes?

answer

Most of the animals are getting older and thinking about retiring. They were short on food, and even though the animals didn't notice, their conditions were creeping up to become the same they were with Mr. Jones.

question

In Chapter 9, What is Squealer's new explanation of unequal rations?

answer

He never called them "reductions," just "readjustments."

question

In Chapter 9, What is the significance of the new ruling on ribbons?

answer

The pigs were breaking their own rules and becoming more like humans.

question

In Chapter 9, What is to "compensate" for the hardships in the animals' lives?

answer

They had "Spontaneous Demonstrations" which were celebrations to commemorate the hardships and triumphs on Animal Farm. There were lots of songs and speeches, and the animals enjoyed it so much they temporarily forgot how hungry they were.

question

In Chapter 9, What is the significance of Moses' return?

answer

Moses' return is significant because Boxer knows he is leaning toward the end of his life, and hearing about Sugarcandy Mountain again probably soothed him.

question

In Chapter 9, What are Boxer's expectations of the future after he injures himself through overwork?

answer

He expects to be fine come spring, and when he isn't he just wants to be able to get as much stone for the windmill as possible.

question

In Chapter 9, How do the animals react to Boxer's removal?

answer

When they saw him leaving, they all left their work immediately and they were okay to see him leave, but once they saw that the van was taking him to be slaughtered, they were horrified and tried to get Boxer to escape from the van.

question

In Chapter 9, How does Squealer calm the unrest over Boxer's fate?

answer

He tells the animals that the van belongs to the hospital, they just bought it from the slaughterhouse and didn't get to taking the name off.

question

In Chapter 9, How does Napoleon capitalize on Boxer's death?

answer

He sold Boxer to the slaughterhouse, and they obviously gave him money.

question

In Chapter 9, Why was Boxer killed?

answer

Boxer was killed because he voiced that Napoleon may have been wrong and Snowball may have been innocent.

question

In Chapter 10, How has the farm grown after several more years?

answer

There were more animals, they had bought two more fields from Mr. Pilkington, the windmill had been completed, and because of that there was a threshing machine and a hay elevator.

question

In Chapter 10, What is the quality of the animals lives?

answer

The quality of the animals lives is the same as it was for a while. When Napoleon took power, their lives got slightly better, and once he turned into a dictator it got a lot worse, and from there it stayed the same.

question

In Chapter 10, Even though the animals exist in a stupor of work and hunger, they are greatly shocked by a new development. What is it?

answer

All the pigs now walk on two legs, and the sheep bleat "four legs good, two legs better!"

question

In Chapter 10, What is the final interpretation of the word "equal"?

answer

All animals are equal- but some animals are more equal than others.

question

In Chapter 10, What is the animals' reaction to the tour the pigs conduct for human visitors?

answer

The pigs are dressed in Mr. and Mrs. Jones' clothing, so they don't know if they should be more scared of the pigs or the humans.

question

In Chapter 10, What does Pilkington praise the pigs for?

answer

He praises the pigs for making peace with the other farmers.

question

In Chapter 10, What is the significance of the change in the flag's design? What other changes are announced?

answer

The hoof and horn were removed from the flag, and it is now just green. This shows that they are not animals anymore. The other change made is that "Animal Farm" is no longer the name. Napoleon announced that it is "The Manor Farm" now.

question

In Chapter 10, What do the animals see when they look in the farmhouse window?

answer

They see the pigs and the humans playing cards and drinking. A pig and a human get into a skirmish over who won the game, and the last line of the book is "The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which." -Animal Farm, Chapter X

question

What is the climax?

answer

The climax is when Benjamin reads to Clover the final statement on equality.

question

Napoleon- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

*The pig who emerges as the leader of Animal Farm after the Rebellion.* Based on Joseph Stalin, Napoleon *uses military force (his nine loyal attack dogs) to intimidate the other animals and consolidate his power.* In his supreme craftiness, Napoleon proves more treacherous than his counterpart, Snowball.

question

Snowball- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

*The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the Rebellion.* Based on Leon Trotsky, Snowball is *intelligent, passionate, eloquent, and less subtle and devious than his counterpart, Napoleon.* Snowball seems to win the loyalty of the other animals and cement his power, and then Napoleon obviously kills him to secure his power.

question

Boxer- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

*The cart-horse whose incredible strength, dedication, and loyalty play a key role in the early prosperity of Animal Farm and the later completion of the windmill.* Quick to help but rather slow-witted, Boxer shows much devotion to Animal Farm's ideals but little ability to think about them independently. He naïvely trusts the pigs to make all his decisions for him. His two mottoes are *"I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right."*

question

Squealer- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

*The pig who spreads Napoleon's propaganda among the other animals.* Squealer *justifies the pigs' monopolization of resources and spreads false statistics pointing to the farm's success.* Orwell uses Squealer to explore the ways in which those in power often use rhetoric and language to twist the truth and gain and maintain social and political control.

question

Old Major- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The prize-winning boar whose vision of a socialist utopia serves as the inspiration for the Rebellion. Three days after describing the vision and teaching the animals the song "Beasts of England," Major dies, leaving Snowball and Napoleon to struggle for control of his legacy. Orwell based Major on both the German political economist Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilych Lenin.

question

Clover- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

A good-hearted female cart-horse and Boxer's close friend. Clover often suspects the pigs of violating one or another of the Seven Commandments, but she repeatedly blames herself for misremembering the commandments.

question

Moses- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The tame raven who spreads stories of Sugarcandy Mountain, the paradise to which animals supposedly go when they die. Moses plays only a small role in Animal Farm, but Orwell uses him to explore how communism exploits religion as something with which to pacify the oppressed.

question

Mollie- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The vain, flighty mare who pulls Mr. Jones's carriage. Mollie craves the attention of human beings and loves being groomed and pampered. She has a difficult time with her new life on Animal Farm, as she misses wearing ribbons in her mane and eating sugar cubes. She represents the petit bourgeoisie that fled from Russia a few years after the Russian Revolution.

question

Benjamin- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The long-lived donkey who refuses to feel inspired by the Rebellion. Benjamin firmly believes that life will remain unpleasant no matter who is in charge. Of all of the animals on the farm, he alone comprehends the changes that take place, but he seems either unwilling or unable to oppose the pigs.

question

Muriel- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The white goat who reads the Seven Commandments to Clover whenever Clover suspects the pigs of violating their prohibitions.

question

Mr. Jones- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The often drunk farmer who runs the Manor Farm before the animals stage their Rebellion and establish Animal Farm. Mr. Jones is an unkind master who indulges himself while his animals lack food; he thus represents Tsar Nicholas II, whom the Russian Revolution ousted.

question

Mr. Fredrick- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The tough, shrewd operator of Pinchfield, a neighboring farm. Based on Adolf Hitler, the ruler of Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Frederick proves an untrustworthy neighbor.

question

Mr. Pilkington- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The easygoing gentleman farmer who runs Foxwood, a neighboring farm. Mr. Frederick's bitter enemy, Mr. Pilkington represents the capitalist governments of England and the United States.

question

Mr. Whymper- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The human solicitor whom Napoleon hires to represent Animal Farm in human society. Mr. Whymper's entry into the Animal Farm community initiates contact between Animal Farm and human society, alarming the common animals.

question

Jessie and Bluebell- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

Two dogs, each of whom gives birth early in the novel. Napoleon takes the puppies in order to "educate" them.

question

Minimus- (according to Sparknotes)

answer

The poet pig who writes verse about Napoleon and pens the banal patriotic song "Animal Farm, Animal Farm" to replace the earlier idealistic hymn "Beasts of England," which Old Major passes on to the others.

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