Anesthetic Machine and Equipment – Flashcards
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Endotracheal tubes are used for
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Used to deliver anesthetic gas from the breathing circuit to the patient's lungs.
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Composition of ET tubes
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Polyvinyl chloride Red rubber (sucks because it absorbs disinfectants) Silicone rubber
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Types of ET tubes
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Murphy - has eye, beveled patient end Magill - Beveled patient end, no eye Cole - Distal end is smaller then the proximal end
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Internal diameter in mm of ET tubes
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Dogs - Size 5 to 14 mm Cats - Size 3 to 4.5 mm
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Stylet and ET tubes
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Is kept within lumen of tube/ plastic coated wire, provides rigidity.
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Laryngoscope
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Holds tongue and epiglottis. Beneficial when visualization of larynx is hard
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Anesthesia Machine
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Designed to deliver a volatile gaseous anesthetic using a carrier gas (o2) to and from a patient by means of a circuit of corrugated tubing. Liquid anesthetic gas must be vaporized mixed with O2 and given to patient
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Color codes of gas tanks
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Green - O2 oxygen Blue - N20 Nitrous Oxide
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"E" Gas tanks
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Small attached to machines. Contains 660 L of O2, PSI of full tank is 1900 to 2200
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"H" gas tanks
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Contains 6900 L of O2, PSI of full tank 1900 to 2200
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Nirtrous Oxide gas tanks
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Is both liquid and gas in tank, PSI is constant 750 until tank is empty.
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Formula for "E" size O2 tank
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Multiply PSI by 0.3 = liters remaining in tank
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Formula for "H" size O2 tank
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Multiply PSI by 3.0 = liters remaining in tank
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Yoke
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Facilitates tank attachment.
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Pin index system
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Cannot attach wrong tank
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Tank Pressure Gauge
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Indicates pressure of gas remaining in tank. Change tank when pressure drops to 100 to 200 PSI
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Pressure reducing Valve
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Pressure regulator. Reduces pressure of gas as it leaves tank and enters machine. Safe pressure for machine. Reduces to 50 to 75 PSI
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Flowmeter
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Sets the gas flow rate (O2). PSI is further reduced to 15 PSI.
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Vaporizer
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Converts liquid anesthetic to a vapor state. Adds it to the carrier gas. If no carrier gas if flowing, no anesthetic is delivered. Isoflurane and Sevoflurane
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Indicator window
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Allows visualization of amount of anesthetic in vaporizer.
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Precision Vaporizers
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Delivers an exact concentration of anesthetic as selected. In % concentrations.
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Types of filler systems
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1. Keyed filler Systems 2. Funnel Filler systems
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Non- precision vaporizers
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Ohio No. 8 - glass jar and wick Dial settings unrelated to concentration of gas delivered.
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VOC
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Vaporizer out of circuit. Not within breathing circuit. precision
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VIC
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Vaporizer in circuit. withing breathing circuit. non precision
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Factors that influence vaporizer form
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Temperature /carrier gas flow rate/ back pressure and respiratory rate/depth
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Breathing Circuit
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System that carries anesthetic and oxygen from vaporizer via the fresh gas inlet to patient and conveys expired gases away from patient.
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Re-breathing system
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Circle system. Semiclosed or closed.
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Fresh gas inlet
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Where the carrier gas and anesthetic gas enter the breathing circuit.
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Inspiratory breathing tube
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Conducts gases from the inspiratory one way valve to the patient attachement. Y tubes. . Small animal - 22 mm
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Pop off Valve
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Safety feature of a circle system. Allows excess gas to exit the anesthetic circuit and enter the scavenging system. Prevents build up of excessive pressure within circuit.
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Pop off valve is normally open except when
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bagging or breathing for the patient
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Reservoir Bag
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Verifies ET tube potency. Allows for monitoring of respiration. Minimum size of bag is 6 times the patients tidal volume. Keep 3/4 full during anesthesia
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Canister for CO2 absorbent
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Removes C02 from expired gases. Uses soda lime or barium hydroxide lime as absorbent. Absorbent must be fresh and functional to prevent re-breathing of CO2
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CO2 Absorbent
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Color indicators shows when it has been exhausted. Changes from white to purple. Change when 1/3 to 1/2 absorbent color changes. Approx. 6-8 hours of use
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Oxygen Flush Valve
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Allows O2 to bypass the flowmeter and vaporizer and enter the machine delivering directly to the breathing circuit. Flow is 35 to 75 L a minute. Can be used to dilute anesthetic in system/ fill a bag.
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When do we no use the oxygen flush valve
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With non- rebreathing system/ disconnect from patient before using
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Pressure Manometer
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Measures the pressure of the gases within the breathing system. Also indicating pressure withing lungs. Expressed in cm of H20/ mm of mercury. Pressures over 15 cm of H20 (11 mm of HG) indicate buildup of air within the machine.
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When bagging a healthy animal...
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Don't go over 15 cm H20/ higher pressures needed for open chest and GDV
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Negative pressure relief valve
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Designed to open and admit room air to the circuit if a negative pressure is detected in the circuit. May be due to: too active scavenge, O2 flow rate too low, tank runs out of O2.
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Scavenger System
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Keeps excess gas waste from the operating room environment. Can be active or passive
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Non- rebreathing circuit
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Non circle system. Semi-open system. Little or no expired gases are recirculated to the patient. High gas flows help to dilute CO2
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Examples of non-rebreathing circuit and whom you would use it for
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Use of patients weighing 15 pounds or less. Bain, Modified Jackson, Ayres T piece, Norman Mask elbow. Use smaller diameter tubes to carry gases to patient
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Carrier Gas flow rates
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Usually oxygen alone, but may be a mix. Based on patients weight, type of system being used, phase of anesthetic procedure.
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Classification of Breathing Systems
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open - Non rebreathing, non circle, Ex is induction chamber Semi open- Non rebreathing, non circle, Bain and modified jackson Semi Closed- Partial rebreathing, circle system. Closed- Total rebreathing, circle system
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Gas flow for rebreathing circuit
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Partial rebreathing semi closed. For patients greater then 15 pounds. Induction: 50-100 ml/kg/min. Maintenance: 20-40 ml/kg/min. and Recovery is the same as maintenance
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Gas flow for non-rebreathing
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For patients less then 15 pounds. Induction: 2-3 x the maintenance flowrate Maintenance: Bain- 150 to 200 ml/kg/min for other systems: 400 to 600 ml/kg/min Recovery: Same as maintenance
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Care and use of CO2 canister
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Fill canister 1/3 full, tap out dust, another 1/3, tap out dust/ last 1/3 and tap. Leave about 1/2 inch at top for air circulation.
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Gas flow for total rebreathing circuit
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Total rebreathing/ closed. Maintenance is 5 to 10 ml/kg/min. Do not use nitrous oxide in a closed system
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Gas flow for open systems
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Chamber 5L/ min. Mask 300 ml/kg/min or 30 x tidal volume 1-3 L/ min for animals less then 10 kg 3-5 L/min for animals more then 10 kg
