Ancient Medieval History Study Guide (Questions and Answers) 2 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Iron-age technology began, growing cities, increased trades, prominence of merchants, new states and empires, and new connections...many disruptions led to thinking about older outlooks on questions of life
answer
During the Classical Age, why did these questions about life, human order, and spiritual realms and this world come up?
question
a time of disharmony and violence in China
answer
What was the "Age of Warring States?"
question
Focused more on affairs of the world (or state); Credited humankind with the power to understand our world
answer
What did the Chinese and Greek thinkers focus their ideas on?
question
Explored the higher realms and the relationship between God or the gods to humankind
answer
What did the Indian, Persian, and Jewish intellectuals focus their ideas on?
question
belief in more than one god
answer
What is polytheism?
question
What is the purpose of life? How should humankind be ordered? What is the relationship between the human world and the moral or spiritual realms above?
answer
What kinds of questions were people of the Classical Age faced with?
question
relating to existence
answer
What does existential mean?
question
Wanted to figure out how to restore peace and harmony
answer
Why were scholars focused on the Age of Warring States?
question
Language
answer
What is the heart of culture?
question
Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism
answer
What are the three most important Schools of Thought?
question
the Rig Veda
answer
What is the oldest religious book known?
question
Aryans
answer
Who were the first to arrive in India?
question
Upanishads; were Indo-European ascetics
answer
Who created Hinduism?
question
People needed to go to school to learn rituals; only king could afford high prices of rituals, so close relationship with Brahmins
answer
How complicated were rituals in Hinduism?
question
would allow horse to wander wherever; wherever he stays, the king conquers that land
answer
What was horse sacrifice?
question
Brahmins write new books.
answer
What happens when religious leaders go to jail?
question
the material world; constantly changing; illusion
answer
What is Samsara?
question
life force or soul
answer
What is Atman?
question
actions that determine your form in the next rebirth
answer
What is karma?
question
right action without worrying about all possible consequences
answer
What is dharma?
question
reunion or one with God; perfect
answer
What is Moksha?
question
status
answer
What is the caste?
question
Don't want to be reborn
answer
Why did the Ascetics want to escape Samsara?
question
the bigger the sacrifice, the more violent; the more violent, the longer you stay on earth; vegetarianism is less violent
answer
What was the Ascetic belief of going to higher realms?
question
the largest group of Ascetics
answer
Who were the Jains?
question
Can't be escaped
answer
What did the Rig Veda say about the cycle of rebirth?
question
Brahmin, kshatriyas warriors, Vaishyas, Shudras, outcasts
answer
From closest to farthest, what groups were close to Moksha?
question
color; lightskinned = closer to ascending; darkskinned = farther from ascending
answer
What does Rig Veda mean?
question
atman never changes, unlike Samsara which is constantly changing
answer
How is Atman opposite of Samsara?
question
intensifies the illusion (or maya or Samsara)
answer
How does alcohol affect maya?
question
Men are trained to control their emotions, unlike women who always allow their emotions to rule their actions.
answer
Why give men more power than women?
question
...
answer
What does Mahabharata mean?
question
exterior states were expanding while interior states became smaller
answer
Why did the Age of Warring States happen?
question
Scholar-gentry, merchants, peasants
answer
(Social Class in China) Who is highest in class or levels of respect? Second highest? Last?
question
Scholar-gentry, peasants, merchants
answer
(Social Class in China) Who is highest in status? Second highest? Last?
question
wealth comes from land; scholar hire sharecroppers (peasants) and pay rent in food
answer
What does gentry mean?
question
rebellion by peasants because of positions in class and status
answer
What was the Yellow Turf Rebellion? Why did it happen?
question
tried to reform; take land from rich; give money to peasants; rid of slavery
answer
What did Wang Mang try to do, but failed at?
question
not the same because you can't move up the ranks in democracy
answer
What is the relationship between social mobility and democracy?
question
the Uncarved block; things are best in their natural state
answer
What is does Pu mean?
question
no machines, no writing, no social life, no language
answer
How radical is Daoism?
question
infinite inner natures; nothing has the same inner; don't classify anything, leave in natural state
answer
What is Inner Nature?
question
doing without doing; inspired by pastoralists; minimal effort
answer
What is Wu Wei?
question
Can see inner natures
answer
Why can Daoist live with Wu Wei?
question
empties all knowledge and thought; an empty mind is better than mind with knowledge
answer
What is the Power of the Empty Mind?
question
the ability to combine contradictory religions or beliefs
answer
What is syncretism? Examples?
question
Confucius
answer
Who was the founder of Confucianism?
question
superiors must be moral; then China will follow;
answer
What was the Confucian answer to the Age of Warring States?
question
if emperor has Li, lower class will have Li if emperor isn't moral, peasants won't be moral
answer
What is the magic of Li?
question
force by law will never work; education is key
answer
What is Confucius' belief on law?
question
right action supported by the right emotion
answer
What is Li?
question
bowing to parents or superiors
answer
What is an example of reverence or respect in Confucianism?
question
Be moral out of shame, and will strive to be moral With law, people will do things out of fear
answer
Why does Confucianism believe shame is good?
question
mankind is moral and genuine
answer
What is the Confucian view of mankind?
question
the Analects
answer
What books contained Confucius' ideas?
question
Superiors and citizens needed education to be moral
answer
Why was Confucianism focused on education?
question
filial piety; to honoring one's ancestors and parents; family before state; if citizens are immoral, it is the superior's fault
answer
What was the highest level of priority in Confucianism? What does it mean?
question
Ancestral worship = extension of filial piety Promotes filial piety and discipline in children
answer
What is the relationship between filial piety and ancestral worship?
question
children pray to ancestors through ritual
answer
What happens during ancestral worship?
question
a person who doesn't believe or disbelieve in God; don't believe in magic, gods, or spirits; just doesn't know anything about it
answer
What is an agnostic?
question
poetry, music, ethics, rituals, and history (PERHM)
answer
What are the Five Classics?
question
many states run by vassal amount of kings and armies, but still pledge authority to king
answer
What is feudalism?
question
because of the peasant revolt against the Qin Dynasty
answer
How did the Han dynasty inherit and unify China?
question
the Silk Road
answer
What great feat was accomplished during the Han dyn.?
question
Broke its isolation; connected to India and Roman Empire
answer
What did the Silk Road do to China?
question
Wui Di; wanted horses from the Huns
answer
Who was the founder of the Silk Road? Why was it built?
question
don't want uneducated or peasants to vote; let experts on Confucianism govern
answer
Why didn't Confucianism believe in democracy?
question
if leader wasn't virtuous, then citizens can rebel; winner becomes new ruler
answer
What was the Mandate of Heaven?
question
scholars, aristocrats, and merchants should be suppressed; the power of strict laws and rules - large punishments for small offenses
answer
What was the Legalist answer to the problem of disorder?
question
mankind is selfish and corrupt; only the state could restore harmony
answer
What was the Legalist view of mankind?
question
Trust Law, not Men Useful and Useless - peasants, Serfs, poor = Useful - aristocrats, scholars, merchants= Useless
answer
What are the Legalist Principles?
question
the Qin dynasty
answer
What dynasty was created out of Legalism?
question
Shi Huangdi
answer
Who was the ruler of the Qin dynasty?
question
the Great Wall was built
answer
What great feat was accomplished during the Qin dynasty?
question
Do what is good for your country, not your family; Believes he must force China into being patriotic
answer
What is patriotism? What does Shi Huangdi think of patriotism?
question
1. Burned Confucian books. 2. Unified systems of Weight, Measures, and currency 3. Force aristocrats in capital to spy on them
answer
What were the Qin dynasty's specific policies?
question
frees the Surfs and doesn't tax them
answer
How does the Qin dynasty treats the Serfs?
question
peasants were upset because they would now have to pay taxes
answer
Why was there a revolt once the Qin dynasty crashed?
question
Builds a 56 sq. kilo. tomb for himself thought this would grant him immortal life
answer
What did Shi Huangdi do that didn't express patriotism?
question
Exterior states were increasing in size, conquering other cities, while the interior states were stuck in middle. Balance of Power thesis
answer
(Age of Warring States) Why were exterior states expanding while interior states were minimizing? What thesis does this relate to?
question
No. Confucius believes that uneducated should not vote for officials. Ask Confucian experts to govern because peasants don't know about Confucian books.
answer
Does Confucianism believe in democracy? Why?
question
Social Mobility
answer
Is it possible to move from one class to another in a democracy? What is this called?
question
To amplify voices; To change roles quickly; To show audience what emotions were being felt because the amphitheater was humongous and facial expressions wouldn't have been visible
answer
Why did ancient Greek actors wear masks?
question
Outlawed debt slavery; Cleared peasantry debt
answer
What were some of Solon's reforms?
question
Alexandria in Egypt
answer
Where was the center of Greek learning in the Hellenistic Age?
question
Deadly warfare from the Dorian invasions caused the Mycenaeans to lose their language and intellect.
answer
What caused the Dark Age in ancient Mycenaean history?
question
The population was increasing, causing overcrowding.
answer
Why did Greek city states establish so many colonies between 700 BCE and 500 BCE?
question
Dionysus
answer
To whom was the annual Athenian drama festival dedicated to?
question
Unifying the city states because they were always waging war on one another
answer
What was the Achilles Heel of Greek culture?
question
Aristocracy - Tyranny - Democracy
answer
Name the phases of evolution for Greek government.
question
Hellenistic League
answer
What Macedonian league was created to conquer Persia?
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New