question

1. Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells. True False

answer

False

question

2. Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. True False

answer

False

question

3. The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface. True False

answer

False

question

4. The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue. A. connective B. fibrous C. nervous D. epithelial E. muscular

answer

b

question

5. A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________. A. fixative B. histological section C. spread D.stain E. smear

answer

b

question

6. The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) __________ section. A. cross B. oblique C. transverse D. sagittal E. longitudinal

answer

e

question

7. The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue. A. interstitial B. muscle C. adipose D. epithelial E. nervous

answer

d

question

8. An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reachingbthe apical surface, is called __________ epithelium. A. stratified squamous B. stratified cuboidal C. simple cuboidal D. simple columnar E. pseudostratified columnar

answer

d

question

9. The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________. A. epithelium; connective tissue B. epithelium; extracellular material C. epithelium; intracellular material D. extracellular material; intracellular material E. interstitial fluid; extracellular fluid

answer

a

question

10. Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes placethrough __________ epithelium. A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. simple columnar D. keratinized stratified squamous E. nonkeratinized stratified squamous

answer

a

question

11. Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion. A. simple columnar B. stratified columnar C. pseudostratified columnar D. simple cuboidal E. stratified cuboidal

answer

d

question

12. Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes. A. fibrous B. blood C. basal D. keratinized E. goblet

answer

e

question

13. A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________. A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esophagus C. simple columnar; small intestine D. stratified squamous; anal canal E. stratified squamous; esophagus

answer

c

question

14. All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia. A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified squamous

answer

a

question

15. Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened. A. transitional; stratified squamous B. stratified squamous; pseudostratified C. stratified squamous; stratified columnar D. simple columnar; pseudostratified E. transitional; simple cuboidal

answer

a

question

16. __________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the __________. A. Transitional; tongue B. Keratinized; tongue C. Nonkeratinized; skin D. Keratinized; skin E. Nonkeratinized; vagina

answer

e

question

17. __________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion. A. Simple columnar; transitional B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

answer

b

question

18. Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common? A. Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. B. Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. C. Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. D. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. E. Most connective tissues are highly vascular.

answer

b

question

19. An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highlynvascular is __________. A. epithelial; cartilage B. muscular; osseous tissue C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. areolar; cartilage E. nervous; osseous tissue

answer

d

question

20. The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________. A. dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. elastic cartilage D. fibrocartilage E. ligaments

answer

c

question

21. Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue? A. Reticular tissue B. Hyaline cartilage C. Dense regular connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Areolar tissue

answer

b

question

22. New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________. A. blood B. fibrous connective tissue C. adipose tissue D. reticular tissue E. transitional tissue

answer

c

question

23. The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue. A. chondroblasts; plasma cells B. mast cells; fibroblasts C. osteocytes; chondroblasts D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts E. adipocytes; plasma cells

answer

d

question

24. Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance? A. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) B. Proteoglycans C. Chondroitin sulfate D. Hyaluronic acid E. Collagen

answer

e

question

25. Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________. A. blood and hyaline cartilage B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones

answer

d

question

26. Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________. A. dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues B. plasma; formed elements C. elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage D. spongy bone; compact (dense) bone E. adipose tissue; reticular tissue

answer

a

question

27. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________. A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction

answer

b

question

28. Blood functions to __________________. A. allow for heart contraction and relaxation B. store energy for the heart C. provide support to the heart D. line the heart chambers E. transport nutrients to the tissues

answer

e

question

29. __________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes. A. Blood B. Areolar tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Adipose tissue

answer

b

question

30. Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________. A. fibroblasts B. chondrocytes C. neuroglia D. myocytes E. osteocytes

answer

c

question

31. Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________. A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract

answer

a

question

32. Skeletal muscle is described as __________. A. striated and voluntary B. striated and involuntary C. nonstriated and voluntary D. nonstriated and involuntary E. fibrous and containing ground substance

answer

a

question

33. In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. A. the plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions E. ground substance

answer

c

question

34. __________ secrete __________ into __________. A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood

answer

d

question

35. __________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products. A. Endocrine; Exocrine B. Mucous; Serous C. Cytogenic; Apocrine D. Mucous; Cutaneous E. Merocrine; Holocrine

answer

e

question

36. Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands. A. areolar B. simple acinar C. simple coiled tubular D. compound acinar E. compound tubuloacinar

answer

d

question

37. Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane. A. mucous B. serous C. synovial D. cutaneous E. basement

answer

c

question

38. After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells. A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. hypertrophy D. metaplasia E. atrophy

answer

c

question

39. Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells. A. unipotent B. multipotent C. pluripotent D. totipotent E. omnipotent

answer

d

question

40. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________. A. neoplasia B. metaplasia C. atrophy D. differentiation E. hyperplasia

answer

b

question

41. The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis. True False

answer

False

question

42. The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale. True False

answer

True

question

43. Melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene give color to the skin. True False

answer

True

question

44. Albinism is the genetic lack of melanin that results in a milky white coloration of the skin. True False

answer

True

question

45. Hair and nails are composed of collagen. True False

answer

False

question

46. Merocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard. True False

answer

False

question

47. The three forms of skin cancer are defined by the types of cells from which they originate. True False

answer

True

question

48. Which of the following is not part of the skin? A. Epidermis B. Papillary layer C. Hypodermis D. Stratum basale E. Dermis

answer

c

question

49. Which of the following is not found in the epidermis? A. Melanocytes B. Fibroblasts C. Stem cells D. Keratinocytes E. Tactile cells

answer

b

question

50. In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum spinosum C. Stratum corneum D. Dermis E. Hypodermis

answer

e

question

51. Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial? A. Basal lamina B. Epidermis C. Papillary layer D. Reticular layer E. Hypodermis

answer

b

question

52. Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis? A. Collagen and living keratinocytes B. Collagen and dead keratinocytes C. Collagen and fibroblasts D. Elastic fibers and melanocytes E. Elastic fibers and dendritic cells

answer

c

question

53. What type of tissue is found in the most superficial layer of skin? A. Simple squamous epithelium B. Stratified squamous epithelium C. Dense irregular connective tissue D. Areolar connective tissue E. Dense regular connective tissue

answer

b

question

54. Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface. A. second B. third C. first D. fifth E. fourth

answer

e

question

55. Which of the following cells is largely responsible for skin color? A. Dendritic cell B. Keratinocyte C. Melanocyte D. Merkel cell E. Dead keratinocyte

answer

c

question

56. Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum spinosum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum lucidum E. Stratum corneum

answer

e

question

57. Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch? A. Fibroblasts B. Melanocytes C. Keratinocytes D. Dendritic (Langerhans) cells E. Tactile (Merkel) cells

answer

e

question

58. The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the __________. A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum

answer

a

question

59. Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens? A. Keratinocytes B. Melanocytes C. Adipocytes D. Dendritic (Langerhans) cells E. Tactile (Merkel) cells

answer

d

question

60. Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our __________. A. dermal papillae B. dermal connective tissue C. stratum basale D. subcutaneous tissue E. subcutaneous adipose

answer

a

question

61. The __________ is absent from most epidermis. A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum

answer

d

question

62. The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue? A. Statified squamous epithelium B. Smooth muscle C. Nervous tissue D. Adipose tissue E. Dense irregular connective tissue

answer

d

question

63. Which skin color is most likely to result from anemia? A. Pallor B. Erythema C. Hematoma D. Albinism E. Jaundice

answer

a

question

64. A __________ is an elevated patch of melanized skin. A. hemangioma B. mole C. freckle D. flexion line E. friction ridge

answer

b

question

65. A pilus is a __________. A. hair B. hair follicle C. tiny muscle that moves a hair D. sensory nerve fiber around the base of a hair E. gland associated with a hair follicle

answer

a

question

66. What type of hair is present prenatally and usually replaced by birth? A. Lunule B. Peach fuzz C. Terminal hair D. Vellus E. Lanugo

answer

e

question

67. The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes __________. A. hairs to stand on end, trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin B. generation of heat to raise the body temperature C. hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger D. hairs to stand on end with no apparent function E. increased ability to feel pain

answer

d

question

68. A hair cycle consists of three developmental stages in which order? A. Anagen, telogen, and catagen B. Anagen, catagen, and telogen C. Catagen, anagen, and telogen D. Catagen, telogen, and anagen E. Telogen, anagen, and catagen

answer

b

question

69. Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an) __________. A. hair follicle B. vellum C. pilus D. bulb E. shaft

answer

a

question

70. Excessive hairiness is called __________. A. telogenism B. anagenism C. catagenism D. alopecia E. hirsutism

answer

e

question

71. Variations in hair color arise from differing amounts of __________. A. collagen and elastic filaments B. keratin and melanin C. carotene and hemoglobin D. carotene and collagen E. eumelanin and pheomelanin

answer

e

question

72. The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles. A. merocrine sweat B. apocrine sweat C. sebaceous D. ceruminous E. eccrine sweat

answer

c

question

73. __________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal. A. Sebum B. Cerumen C. Sweat D. Scents E. Mucus

answer

b

question

74. Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of __________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp. A. merocrine B. apocrine C. sebaceous D. ceruminous E. perspiration

answer

b

question

75. Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body? A. Ceruminous glands B. Sebaceous glands C. Merocrine glands D. Apocrine glands E. Exothermic glands

answer

c

question

76. The __________ glands are a source of sex pheromones. A. ceruminous B. merocrine C. mammary D. sebaceous E. apocrine

answer

e

question

77. Mammary glands are modified __________ glands that develop within the female breasts. A. merocrine B. apocrine C. ceruminous D. sebaceous E. eccrine

answer

b

question

78. Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer? A. Stratum corneum and stratum lucidum B. Stratum basale and stratum corneum C. Stratum spinosum and stratum basale D. Stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum E. Stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum

answer

c

question

79. The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to the following characteristics of the lesion: A. asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter B. asymmetry, brightness, color, and diameter C. aspect, brightness, color, and distance D. aspect, border irregularity, color, and distance E. area, border irregularity, color, and density

answer

a

question

80. The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is __________. A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. melanoma D. skin lymphoma E. skin sarcoma

answer

c

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