Anatomy & Physiology I Study Guide Chapter 5, Tissues & Systems – Flashcards
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Tissues
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A collection of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions.
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4 Major Tissues
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Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue
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tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines body cavities and forms glands
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Functions of Epithelial Tissue
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protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
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Shapes Epithelial Tissue
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squamous; cuboidal; columnar; transitional
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Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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Flat or Scale Like , upper layer of the epidermis;
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Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
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cube-shaped cells, one layer thick
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Columnar Epithelial Tissue
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column shaped cells used for protection and in some cases production of muscus
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Transitional Epithelial Tissue
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stretchy & variably shaped . lines the uterus bladder, part of the urethra.
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Layers of Epithelial Tissue
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Simple, stratified, pseudostratified
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Simple Epithelial Tissue
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single layer of cells, all of which are in contact with the basement membrane
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Stratified Epithelial Tissue
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composed of two or more layers
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Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue
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Contains one layer of epithelial cells, but appears to have more than one
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Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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found where substances move by Rapid Diffusion, Osmosis, or Filtration
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Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue (locations)
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lines the inside of Arteries & Veins (endothelium) lines the inside of the Heart (endocardium) Capillaries - Alveoli of the Lungs - Kidney
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Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue (locations)
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Lines most of the Digestive Tract and Plays a major Role in Absorption,Secretion of Digestion Enzymes and Protection
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Pseudostratified Epithelial Tissue
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Lines Most of the Respiratory Tract & Fallopian Tubes - Often ciliated
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Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
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performs a protection functions and found and are found in tissue exposed to the outside. Lines the esophagus , mouth (non-keartinized), and skin (keartinized) called the epidermis.
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Transitional Epithelium Tissue (location)
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found primarily in organs that need to stretch - Ureters & Urnary Bladder
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Tissue
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Found in Glandular Tissues
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2 Glands
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Exocrine and Endocrine
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Exocrine Gland
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Have Ducts which carry the secretions to another organ, to a cavity or to the body surface.
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Endocrine Gland
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a Ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream or surrounding tissue fluid
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Membranes
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Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ.
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3 Epithelial Membrane
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cutaneous, mucous, serous
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Cutaneous Membrane
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the skin
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Mucous Membrane
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Lines all body cavities that directly open to the exterior and secretes mucus
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Serous Membrane
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Lines the ventral cavities that are not open to the exterior of the body and cover organs, secrete serous fluid.
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2 parts to Serous Membrane
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Parietal Layer - lines walls of cavities (outer most) Visceral Layer - covers organs (inner layer)
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3 Serous Membrane
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Pericardium Pleura Peritoneum
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Pericardium
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a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
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Pleura
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double layered membrane surrounding each lung
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Peritoneum
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double layered membrane surrounding the digestive organs
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Connective Tissues
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connects, supports, penetrates, protects, stores and encases various body structures - produces blood cells.
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Function of Connective Tissues
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Hold things together and provide structure - MOST COMMON TISSUE
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3 TYPES of Connective Tissues
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Circulating Generalized Sructural
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Circulating Connective Tissues
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Blood & Lymph
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Generalized Connective Tissues
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Loose - Dense - connective tissue -adipose
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Structural Connective Tissues
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Bones - Cartilage - dentin
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Intercellular Matrix
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what makes the various types of connective tissue so different., secretedby the cells andfills the intercellur space
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Areolar Connective Tissue
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Loose, functions as "tissue glue" and is the most common and widely distributed type of connective tissue
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Adipose tissue
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fat tissues composed of adipocytes in a gel-like intercellular matrix. insulates protects ad stores fat for reserve energy supply
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Types of Dense Connective Tissue
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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Irregular Dense Connective Tissue
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Forms Joints Capsules and coverings of certain organs and composes the dermis of the skin.
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Regular Dense Connective Tissue
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Forms tendons and ligaments
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Tendons
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tissue that connects muscle to bone
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Ligaments
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tissue that connects bone to bone
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Cartilage
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is formed by chondrocytes which secrete a matrix that is firm, smooth and flexible and acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction at joints.
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3 Types of Cartilage
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Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic
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Hyaline Cartilage
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most common type of cartilage, long bones, nose , trachea, attaches the ribs to the sternum and larynx
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Fibrous Cartilage
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composed the intervertebral disc and the pubic symphysis
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Elastic Cartilage
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found in external ear, epiglottis
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Bone
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osseous tissue, formed by osteocytes which serete a matrix that includes collagen for flexibility, and calcium salts and other minerals for strength.
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Osteoblast
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bone-forming cell
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Osteoclasts
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cells that break down bone
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Connective Tissue Membrane
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Periosteum- covers bone Perichondrium- covers cartilage Synovial membranes - joint capsules, bursae, Meninges- lines the cranial and spinal cavity / covers the brains & spinal cord Pericardium- forms sac that contain the heart Fascia - throughout the body, and connects, anchors, wraps other tissues and organs
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Muscle Tissue
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A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
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3 types of Muscle Tissue
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skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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the striated and voluntary tissue attached to bones, allowing their movement
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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Involuntary, straited,MYCOARDIUM; FOUND in heart
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Smooth Muscle
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Involuntary, non striated muscle that controls movement of internal organs
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Nervous Tissue
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transmits nerve impulses throughout the body
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2 Types of Nervous Tissue
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neurons and neuroglia
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Neurons
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Transmit Electrical Impulses......basic cells of the nervous system
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Neuroglias
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support, protect and nourish neurons....Do Not Transmit Impulses
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3 Parts of a Neuron
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cell body, dendrites, axon
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cell body
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contains the nucleus, essential to life of the cell
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dendrites
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recieve sensory information and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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axon
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transmits information away from the cell body
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Myelin Sheath
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covers the axon helps protect & speed nerve impulse transmissions
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Integumentary System
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composed of Skin (main organ) - Sweat Glands Oil (sebaceous) Glands - Hair - Nails - Subcuntaneous Layer
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Integumentary System
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Protection - Regulation of the body temperature - Sensation - Secretion/Excretion -
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Endocrine System
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Hypothalamus, Pituityary Gland, Thymus Gland, Pancreas, Testes, Ovaries, Adrenal Glands, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Glands, Pineal Gland
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Endocrine System
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Growth - Metabolism - Reproduction - Behavior - Water, Electrolyte and Nutrient Balance
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Cardiovascular System
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Heart - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins
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Cardiovascular System
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Transportation - Regulation - Protection
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Lymphatic / Immune
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Lymph - Lymphatic Vessels - Lymph Nodes - Tonsils - Thymus Gland - Spleen - Peyer Patches - Appendix
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Lymphatic / Immune
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Return excess tissue fluid to the blood Absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins Protection from disease
