question

The % of RBC in a blood sample is called the

answer

Hematocrit

question

The most abundant type of plasma protein is

answer

albumin

question

A blood clot that breaks loose and travels in the blood flow is called an

answer

embolus

question

When hemoglobin molecules are decomposed a greenish pigment called _____ is formed

answer

biliverdin

question

The test in which the % of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample is determined is the ___ WBC cell

answer

differential

question

Platelets tend to stick to the _____ in connective tissue

answer

collagen

question

Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ____

answer

neutrophil

question

_____ is a powerful anticoagulant relased by the basophils and mast cells

answer

heparin

question

The hormone released from the kidneys that promotes the production of RBC is____

answer

erythropoietin

question

The process by which bleeding is stopped is___

answer

hemostasis

question

The foreign substances that trigger immune responses are called____

answer

antigens

question

The condition caused by an accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces is____

answer

edema

question

A substance that can stimulate a primary immune response but is unable to produce the symptoms of a disease is a _____

answer

vaccine

question

Excessive tissue fluid is returned to venous circulation by means of____

answer

lymph vessels

question

The most common type of immunoglobulin is___

answer

IgG

question

A newborn infant may have some defense against disgestive and respiratory distubances because of IgA obtained from its mother's____

answer

milk

question

The region of lymph node through which blood vessels pass is____

answer

hilum

question

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of____

answer

fibrinogen to fibrin

question

Plasma protein properly described?

answer

Beta globulins transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

question

Lymph nodes occur in groups throughout the body except in the_____

answer

CNS

question

Cell mediated immunity (aka cellular immune response) is a process whereby__________

answer

T-cells attach themselves directly to antigens and destroy them

question

Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide___

answer

artificially acquired passive immunity

question

Which of the following is not needed for the formation of a blood clot?

answer

Albumin

question

Blood platelets___

answer

All; release serotonin, lack nuclei, number from 130 k to 360 k per mm2 of blood

question

Following the primary immune response, the cells that give rise to memory cells are

answer

B-cells only

question

The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates___

answer

the extrinisic clotting mechanism

question

The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are____

answer

neutrophils and monocytes

question

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

answer

a monocyte (or lymphocyte)

question

Hemophilia

answer

All; lack of clotting factor, appears most often in males, can result in large intramusculature meatomas, blood in the urine, and bleeding into joints

question

Inheritance is due to recessive gene located on x chromosome

answer

x-linked

question

A gene that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is

answer

recessive

question

Incomplete dominance is defined as

answer

gene pairs occurring in two forms that are expressed differently and neither is dominant to the other

question

In order for a recessive trait to be expressed, a person must

answer

inherit 2 recessive genes for a trait

question

Which of the following is true in regard to the determination of the gender of a baby?

answer

The sex chromosome in the sperm determines the gender of the baby

question

The presence of the y chromosone in a cell promotes the synthesis of the ____ protein, which results in_____

answer

transcription factor (SRY gene); formation of testes

question

If an egg cell without an x chromosome is fertilized by an x-bearing sperm cell, this will result in

answer

Turner's Syndrome

question

Tissue fluid is___ and lymph is____

answer

forced out of blood plasma and generally lacking in proteins; absorbed into lymph capillaries and rich in proteins and foreign particles

question

The spleen is much like a lymph node except that the spleen

answer

filters blood

question

The form of anemia that is most likely to be caused by overexposure to ionizing radiation is

answer

aplastic anemia

question

The cells called cytotoxic T cells destroy

answer

cancer and virus containing cells

question

The antibodies involved in allergic reactions

answer

belong to the immunoglobulin E group (IgE)

question

When the alleles of a gene pair are different they are said to be

answer

heterozygous

question

An individual who is homozygous is dominant for a trait that can be symbolized as

answer

AA

question

Plasma cells function to

answer

produced antibody molecules

question

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

answer

plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not

question

Erythroblastsosis fetalis is most likely to become a problem in Rh-negative mothers as a

answer

second Rh-positive fetus develops

question

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

answer

Platelets

question

Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing a substance that affects

answer

cell membranes

question

The spleen

answer

all; is the largest lymphatic organ, contains numerous phagocytic cells, contains nodules similar to lymphatic nodules

question

Which of the following would not be possible blood type for a baby of a mother with type ab and father with type b blood?

answer

type O

question

The primary functions of lymph include

answer

both returning proteins to the bloodstream and transporting foreign particles to the lymph nodes

question

Genes that cause abnormal development and the death of an individual are called

answer

lethal genes

question

A lymphatic obstruction can lead to edema by

answer

proteins accumluating and increasing the osmotic pressure of the tissue fluid

question

T lymphocytes are responsible for

answer

cell-mediated immunity

question

If the parent genotypes are Aa and Aa the offspring are expected to be

answer

1/4 (25%) AA, 1/2 (50%) Aa, 1/4 (25%) aa

question

Prolonged use of certain drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen may be associated with a tendency to bleed excessively because these drugs inhibit the activity of

answer

platelets

question

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

answer

arm and mammary gland

question

As a consequence of starvation or a protein deficient diet, the blood protein concentration

answer

decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces

question

An antigen is___ whereas an antibody is____

answer

a foreign substance such as a protein or polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate them

question

When the allelles of a gene pair are identical they are said to be

answer

homozygous

question

Nondisjunction can result in chromosome disorders due to the fact that

answer

some cells have too many chromosome and others have too few

question

Platelets are best described as

answer

cytoplasmic fragments of cells

question

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from a breakdown of RBC's; biliverdin is ____ in color and bilirubin is ____ in color

answer

greenish; orange

question

When is the chromosome number reduced by one-half during gametogenesis?

answer

during the first meitoic division

question

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

answer

act against foreign substances

question

Of the following which are most active as phagocytes?

answer

neutrophils

question

The origin of the 46 chromosomes in a human zygote is

answer

half from sperm cell and half from egg cell

question

Oxyhemoglobin is ___ in color whereas deoxyhemoglobin is ____ in color

answer

bright red; bluish

question

Which of the following is the same for mature human spermatozoa and ova

answer

the number of chromosomes in the cell

question

In an autoimmune disease the immune response is directed toward

answer

self-antigens

question

Which of the following are correct concerning granulocytes?

answer

all; larger than RBC, contain granules in the cytoplasm, formed in the red bone marrow

question

Autosomes number

answer

22 pairs

question

Sickle cell anemia is caused by

answer

an abnormal form of hemoglobin

question

Two major factors that influence the development of individual characteristics are

answer

heredity and environment

question

X-linked genes are always expressed more frequently in males than in females due to the fact that

answer

there is no allele on y chromosomes

question

If the parent genotypes of AA and aa, the offspring are expected to be

answer

all Aa

question

The type of resistance that is acquired as a result of developing the disease is

answer

naturally acquired active immunity

question

The formation of lymph increases as a result of

answer

increasing osmotic pressure in tissue fluid

question

If lymphatic tissue is removed from an axillary region, the arm on that side is likely to

answer

become edematous

question

Genotype is defined as

answer

combination of genes in a zygote

question

Newborns are sometimes exposed to fluorescent lights as treatment for

answer

physiologic jaundice

question

To avoid the AIDs infection, healthcare workers should

answer

avoid contact with patient's body fluids

question

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are

answer

chromosomes from the mother and father that contain similar genetic information

question

Interferon is a group of hormone-like peptides produced by cells in response to the presence of

answer

viruses

question

The percentage of solids in a sample of human blood is normally

answer

45%

question

The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

answer

that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin

question

A vaccine produces its effects by

answer

stimulating a primary immune response

question

Which of the following is not a tissue response associated with inflammation?

answer

Nearby blood vessels become constricted

question

Leukocytosis is an increase in WBC above 10k per mm2 of blood and can occur

answer

all; during emotional disturbances, following vigorous activity, during acute infections

question

Which is an example of a specific body defense mechansim?

answer

immunity

question

An example of homozygous gene pair is

answer

aa

question

A positive tuberculin skin test indicates that the person

answer

has been exposed to the mycobacteria that causes TB

question

The functions of the lymphatic system do not include

answer

transporting hormones to interstitial smooth muscle

question

Heparin prevents the clotting of blood by

answer

inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fribrinogen

question

The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are

answer

lymphocytes and macrophages

question

Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

answer

serotonin released from platelets

question

The form of anemia that is caused by a lack of dietary iron is called

answer

pernicious anemia

question

Vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed in the absence of

answer

intrinsic factor

question

The normal WBC is

answer

5K - 10K

question

Two substances useful for dissolving blood clots are

answer

urokinase and streptokinase

question

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

answer

RBC's

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the development of RBC's?

answer

Hemocytoblast, erythroblast, erythrocyte

question

The condition called thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of

answer

platelets

question

The condition called cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

answer

deoxyhemoglobin

question

Patients with leukemia have a tendency to bleed because they have a deficiency of

answer

platelets

question

As a platelet plug forms, platelets relase the vasoconstriciting substance called

answer

serotonin

question

Agglutinogent of the various blood types are examples of

answer

antigens

question

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by treating

answer

Rh-negative mothers with anti-Rh agglutinin

question

Type AB blood contains

answer

agglutinogen A and B

Anatomy and Physiology 2 Final Exam Study Guide–Mulitple Choice – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards