An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology: Anatomical Position and Directional Terms – Flashcards
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anatomy
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the study of internal and external parts of the body
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anatomical position
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Standing up facing forward, with head level and eyes facing forward, feet flat on the floor, arms at the sides of the body with palms turned forward
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physiology
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the study of the function of parts of the body
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homeostasis
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refers to the existence of a stable internal environment
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sagittal plane
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vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides
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Transverse plane
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divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
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frontal (coronal) plane
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also called the coronal plane, runs along the long axis of the body. This plane extends laterally (side to side), dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
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anterior (ventral)
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refers to the front of the human body
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posterior (dorsal)
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refers to the back of the body
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superior (cranial)
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toward the upper part of the body, closer to the head
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inferior (caudal)
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away from the head toward the lower part of the body
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medial
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closer to the midline (middle)
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lateral
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further away form the midline (middle)
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proximal
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closer to attachment of the limb to the trunk
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distal
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farther away from the attachment of the limb to trunk
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superficial (external)
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toward or on the surface of body The skin is ____________ to the muscles.
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deep (internal)
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away from the surface of the body The bones are _______ to the skin.
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deep
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The bones are generally located ________ to the muscles
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medial
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The nose is ________ to the ears
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superior
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The nose is ________ to the mouth. (superior/ inferior)
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inferior
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The feet are ___________ to the hands.
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superior
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The thigh is ________ to the knee
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proximal
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The calf is ________ to the ankle. (distal/ proximal)
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inferior
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The eyes are ________ to the eyebrows
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anterior
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The heel is ____________ to the toes. (anterior/ posterior/ )
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distal
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The wrist is _______ to the elbow. (distal/ proximal)
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superficial
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The skin is ________ to the muscles
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anterior
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The biceps are ___________ to the triceps. (anterior/ posterior)
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inferior
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The stomach is ________ to the heart
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proximal
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The thigh is ________ to the knee. (distal/ proximal)
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proximal
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The knee is ________ to the foot. (distal/ proximal)
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distal
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The hand is ______ to the shoulder. (distal/ proximal)
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distal
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The hand is ___________ to the elbow. (distal/ proximal)
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superficial
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The skin is ________ to the muscles
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inferior
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The chin is ________ to the nose
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lateral
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The ear is ___________ to the eye.
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lateral
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The left ear is ________ to the left eye.
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lateral
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The shoulder is ________ to the chest.
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distal
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The finger is __________ to the palm of the hand. (distal/ proximal)
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proximal
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The elbow is ___________to the wrist. (distal/ proximal)
