AMSCO World History Chapter 27 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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when the civilian population in London and other cities withstood months of relentless bombing
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Winston Churchill
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giving in to the demands of another country in hopes of keeping peace
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Appeasement
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when Hitler first formed a military pact with Fascist Italy
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Rome-Berlin Axis
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Germany created a military alliance with Japan based on mutual distrust of communism
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Anti-Comintern Pact
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The alliances among the 3 nations:
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Axis Powers
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Hitler's plan to bring Austria under German rule (as the next step in the creation of the new German Empire)
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Third Reich
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the British prime minister, argued that a policy of appeasement would keep the peace and put an end to Hitler's demands for more land
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Neville Chamberlain
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A Polish port in which Hitler wanted to take over just for the mere excuse to invade Poland
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Danzing
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Germany and the Soviets agreed not to attack one another
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German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
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when Japanese soldiers killed or raped many Chinese in the city of Nanjing for a 6 week period (a.k.a. rape of Nanjing)
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Nanjing Massacre
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lightning war; a strategy by Hitler to quickly subdue Poland
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Blitzkrieg
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set up by the Nazis in France; under the leadership of Marshall Henri Petain to run the southern half of the country on Germany's behalf
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Vichy Government
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The U.S. promised delivery of 50 destroyers in exchange for 8 British air and naval bases in the Western Hemisphere
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Destroyers-for-Bases Agreement
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the U.S. gave up all pretensions of neutrality by lending war materials to Britain
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Lend-Lease Act
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the German air force
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Luftwaffe
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initially targeting military bases, the Germans turned to bombing British cities after the British Royal Force conducted a raid on Berlin
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Battle of Britain
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The U.S. naval base which Japan launched a surprise air attack on, resulted in the U.S. joining the war
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Pearl Harbor
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a.k.a "Desert Fox", a general who led German troops in Egypt and threatened to take the northern city of Alexandra
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Erwin Rommel
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The British defeated general Rommel
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Battle of El Alamein
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a Soviet counteroffensive successfully defeated the cream of Hitler's military, the German Sixth Army
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Battle of Stalingrad
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when the U.S. navy stopped a Japanese fleet set to invade Australia
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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When the Allied naval forces demonstrated their superiority in the Pacific by destroying 4 Japanese aircraft carriers
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Battle of Midway Island
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A strategy used by Douglas MacArthur
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island-hopping
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The U.S. general who controlled the Allied forces in the Pacific
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Douglas MacArthur
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Ships that allowed planes to take off and land from their decks at sea
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Aircraft Carriers
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when Allied forces (numbering about 150,000) launched an amphibious invasion from England and landed on the beaches of Normandy in northern France
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D-Day (June 6, 1944)
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was fought in the Ardennes Forest across parts of France, Belgium, and Luxembourg
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Battle of the Bulge
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the largest tank battle of the war; was fought about 300 miles south of Moscow
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Battle of Kursk
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Marked the official end of the war in Europe; a.k.a Victory in Europe Day
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V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
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A Japanese city in which the U.S. Air Force dropped the first atomic bomb; resulted in more than 100,000 deaths of civilians
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Hiroshima
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Another Japanese city in which the U.S. Air force dropped the second atomic bomb; resulted in another 40,000 immediate civilian deaths
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Nagasaki
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Truman designated September 2, the day of the formal surrender ceremonies (after the devastating nuclear attacks), as Victory over Japan Day
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V-J Day
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The leader of the Nazi special police
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Heinrich Himmler
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Great Britain, U.S., and the Soviet Union
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Big Three
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The Soviet leader Joseph Stalin revealed his distrust of his allies
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Yalta Conference
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The final meeting between the Big Three; held in Germany in July 1945
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Potsdam Conference
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The campaign that eliminated the entire Jewish population; Jews were the single largest group targeted by the Nazis
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Holocaust
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Written by Hitler in which he declared his extreme anti-Semitic views
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Mein Kampf
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Banned Jews from certain professions and certain schools
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Nuremberg Laws
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in 1938, Jews throughout Germany and Austria were beaten and more than 90 were killed; their homes, shops, and synagogues were looted and smashed
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Kristallnacht
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Special sections of cities in which Jews were forced to live
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Ghettos
