American Literature Test 1 – Flashcards
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Spanish lit in 17th century
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-Writes first novel
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What did Miguel de Cervantes do?
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Wrote don quixote- 600 pgs Establish idea if wriunf in wn extended wat using imagination
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French lit 17th cent
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The main idea: killing God - humanistic thinking Voltaire Condide- made athiests into actual people Its human to deny god in his viewpoint -mankind becomes center Idea of middle class comedy (r rated comedy)
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English lit in the 17th century
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•John Bunyan - pilgrims progress - takes power away from church religious allegory •John Donne - poetry about God - sick of the stuffy way people talk about God wrote more intimate • Shakespeare - most important writer of this time - please with gender
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Literary form of early American literature
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English lit copied by most colonists - lack of communication only communicating is to say you haven't died
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Subject matter of early American literature
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Colonial it reflected interest of riders not readers -journals and letters, every day life- hostile natives, the weather, food Religious nature- 18th century - politics society group concerned with revolution
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Worldview of early American lit
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Secularization occurred as we became more interested in politics than spiritual growth that reflected society it comes from our worldview and it became more humanistic
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Literary purpose of early am lit
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Instruction Puritan lit - didactic in nature 18th century - focused instruction on politics and government Washington Irvine - first American writer to focus on entertainment
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Plain style of early Am lit
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Puritans row as plain as possible - viewed flashy style of Europeans as ornate and showy
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Part one of john smiths life
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1580 to 1606 Foot soldier for England Traveled throughout Europe fought against turks: captured and sold as a slave Escaped and lived as a pirate of the northern African coast
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Part two of John Smith's life
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1606 to 1609 Invested in Virginia company and sailed to new world convicted of mutiny on ship in America serves as governor of colony for year Captured by natives - almost dies after release almost killed by colonist who blamed him for the death of other colonists left Jamestown in 1609
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Part three of John Smith's life
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1610 to 1631 Promoted the New World in England but never returned but still believed it strongly as an idea died in 1631
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What was John Smith writing style
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Complex and wordy wrote in early modern English - same as Shakespeare and king James Bible
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What was John Smith's tone
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Propaganda - info ideas or rumor deliberately spread widely to help or hurt a person government institutions and movement - Mostly one of first written forms in European lit
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What were john smiths major works
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- True relation of such occurrence and accidents of note as hath happened since the first planting of that colony - A description of New England -General history of Virginia new England and the summer isles
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What was "true relation of such occurrences and accident of note as hath happened since the first planting of that colony" about
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Eyewitness account of those first difficult months in Jamestown
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What was "a description of new England " about
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Account of 1614 exploration of the New England coast
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What was "general history of Virginia new England and the summer isles " about
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Updated version of "true relation" with an apologetic tone towards actions (defending by speech or writing)
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What was Mary Rowlandson style
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Plain yet detailed wrote plainly because writing as a sinful exercise what distract readers from God
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What were times of specific detail in Marys writing
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Suffered and abuse at the hands of her captors killing of the infant stripping of the colonists clothes before they were killed by the Native Americans
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What was Mary Rowlandson's tone
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Fully reliant on God throughout all of her painful experiences no sympathy for her captors-highly sympathetic towards fellow colonists
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How are allusions used in Mary's writing
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Many biblical allusions especially to Job the paramount suffered in all of literature
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What were some of Mary Rowlandson's major work
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" a narrative of the captivity and restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson" - One of the first books in American lit that doesn't have to be updated due to more modern version of English one of the most popular books in American history
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Bay psalm book
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- First book ever published in America - Puritans only saying songs in church thought that translations of scripture took too much liberty with the text, So they authorized 30 of their ministries to retranslate in a manner easy to sing used for 150 years
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What does TPCASTT mean?
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Title paraphrase connotation attitude shifts title theme
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What question does Title ask?
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What you think the Title means?
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What question does paraphrase ask
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Restate the poem
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What question does connotation ask
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What's the poet trying to say
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What question is attitude asking
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What's the speakers attitude toward the subject
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What question is shifts asking
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Where does the poem shift in subject/speakers/tone
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What is the second title asking
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What does the title mean now that you've read it
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what question is theme asking
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What's the main idea
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What is a paradigm
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A typical example or pattern of something or a model
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What is the God poetry paradigm
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Relationship to other anything not human
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What is the love poetry paradigm
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My relationship to others emotional response to people
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What is the death poetry paradigm
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Relationship to myself the only assured thing in life you know is that you will die at one point
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Anne Bradstreet bio
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Born in England sailed to America during great migration -married at 16 to Simon Bradstreet (eight children) • Simon - leader in Massachusetts Bay colony -increased domestic workload for Anne Wrote from place of contentment - fulfilling whether in joy or pain
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What was Anne Bradstreet style
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Clean and unadorned - no wasted/frivolous words- shows human side of Puritan lit •two versions of her poetry - public poetry and private poetry public - imitation of English renaissance poets (ignored today ) - private - less rigid and unique to Bradstreet (read today)
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What was Anne Bradstreet's tone
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-Mindful of a woman more than any Puritan writer -heavy reliance on God's care during difficulty -deals with romantic love in Frank and beautiful way that no Puritan writer did -still proves that Puritan literature is didactic in nature - shows how to live as wife/mother and how to deal with grief
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What were anne Bradstreet's major works
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"10th muse lately sprung up in America" "Several poems compiled with great variety of wit and learning"
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What was "10th muse"
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-A collection of her poetry that was published without her knowledge by her brother-in-law John Woodbridge -caused controversy because Puritans that woman should focus on domestic life (critically book was well received)
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What was "several poems"
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Larger more complete version of her poetry after death in 1672 -collection contained private poetry
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Preparation phase of Jonathan Edwards life
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-Edwards was a remarkable student at young age - privately tutored by his father(minister and scholar) •Age 10 - wrote a scientific research about spiders that receive international acclaim ••Went to Yale at 13( Bachelor at 17 masters at 19)
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Evangelism phase of Edwards life
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Received a call from North Hampton to minister - served as apprentice pastor to his grandfather( the most widely respected minister in the state) • married sarah Pierrepont — after death of G Pa, took over as head pastor and sermons were far more intense -as a result revival swept over state leading to great awakening •this concerned Edward /// dismissed from church in 1750///
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Exile phase of Edwards life
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Moved family to minister to native Americans became prolific writer •••received position to serve as president of Princeton college —dies of smallpox
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What were Edwards possible roles in American lit
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•Reactionary- last great American Puritan •anticipatory-First true American scholar •transitory-last great Puritan and first American scholar - (bridges the gap between religious 17th century in 18th century scientific and academic)
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What was Edward style of writing
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Wrote religion in accessible ways uses illustrations from nature
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What was Edwards tone in writing
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Unity between the two worlds of natural and spiritual - believe spiritual knowledge must be in the head and heart not simply one or the other -Encouraged listeners to pursue God for their own pleasure
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What were Jonathan Edwards major works
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- Diary: personal account of torment his spirit went through prior to conversion - Personal Narrative: shows intense attention given to head and heart during conversion process - "Sinners in the hands of an angry God" Most famous sermon
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What was Benjamin Franklin's early life like
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- Strayed from Puritan views - believed in politics and revolution - father intended to train him as a pastor so he worked with brother in printing press - believed in disagreement with ideas and people should be able to voice that (Moves to philly)
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printer part of Benjamin Franklin's life
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He begins to influence politics - creates own version of himself - begin working on an autobiography most important role - printer because the constitution takes aggressive role on President - starts to think of revolution
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Dedicated statesman part of franklins life
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Nearly 20 years - chief representative in England We declare war and Franklin goes to France and allies with them: Lafayette After Franklin - Jefferson returns to USA and Pennsylvania - draft constitution dies 1790 and entire nation Mourned
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What is Ben Franklin style
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Puritan writing - conservation of style made interesting - materialist: not spiritualism •concerned about world in front of him - what Edwards does to God Franklin does to material gave people power - starts idea Of straying from religious thought -all religion has good made men moral and controllable
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But were Ben Franklin's three secular virtues
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•Industry: Hardwork •frugality: simple work •prudence: Wise living
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What was Ben Franklin's tone in writing
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Encouraged a broad religious tolerance: thought moral perfection was possible through self discipline -only believed in what could be experience through five senses — ungodly Puritan held to morals's not spirituality
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What were Ben franklins major works
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- The autobiography: only long thing he wrote - left unfinished because he was too busy - one of most popular American autobiographies (but we don't know what is true could've been made up) - poor Richards almanac: had things like weather forecast, practical house tips, puzzles - used another fictional voice written by poor Richard but promoted Ben's values
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Thomas Paine bio
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- 1/2 life spent in England, 1/2 in America and France •Moved to America after failure in England - held to liberal POV-(pushed forward through various publications: serving as editor in Pennsylvania magazine and common sense) • joined Continental Army - wrote American crisis - read aloud to keep troops motivated • went to France to defend French revolution encourage people to kill monarchies - England to cleared him a traitor —published 'age of reason' return to America died in Ny a sad depressed unloved man
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What was Thomas Paine style
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Wrote in persuasive that made complex political issues accessible to common man • Took current events expressed it to public- Gave them ownership over ideas —Better at style than thought
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What was Thomas Paine's tone
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Fiercely deistic - Mocked to Christians -believed in power of rational mind • what it can observe and form ideas based on rationalism
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Thomas Paine's major works
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•Commonsense: pamphlet distributed to colonist - stirred up fire of independence within themselves (effective in starting war as a thought among people) • age of reason: denounced religion as a fraud- emphasizes rational side of man and world while neglecting spiritual
