question

In what three ways did Freneau's poetry reflect a turning toward Romanticism?

answer

turning toward romanticism by having "an awareness that the physical world is subject to decline and decay" and "belief that everything changes and dies" and "belief that the natural world is key to the human world" Romanticism: inspired subjectivity and primacy of the individual

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Explain the three comparisons Edwards used in describing the power and anger of God.

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The first comparison Jonathan Edwards uses to descibe the wrath of God is "great waters that are damned for the present." He uses this comparison to describe the sinner's sin as water and it keeps rising until there is release made by God. The second comparison is a bow and arrow. "The bow of God's wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the sting,..." Edwards is saying God has the power to decide when you fall into temptation no matter what of the things you may hear. The third comparison Jonathon Edwards uses is that "God holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire." Again, God decides when you will fail and he knows if you're worthy or not of salvation.

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List three things for which Emerson stood.

answer

+ beauty of nature - "Nature" Nature inspires a spiritual awareness in humans as intuitive understanding, God creates and is present within mankind and all of nature + intellectual independence - "The American Scholar" Man must be a true intellect and exhibit his own fresh thoughts. He thinks for himself. +moral independence - "Self-Reliance" The main point is that one must be true to himself. Follow your intuition

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Explain what Cooper was doing in creating Natty Bumppo.

answer

putting him in five different novels and never having him change or develop, created a very realistic, complicated, and changing character, written chronologically with a conscious intent of evolving Natty from youth to old age

question

Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor were both good Puritans. However, there are differences in their writing styles, subject matter, and tone of each. Be able to explain these differences, using a particular piece of writing by each author.

answer

Anne Bradstreet - "To My Dear and Loving Husband" -easy to understand, personal life and being a wife, loving and caring Edward Taylor - "Huswifery" -prayer in which he compares the saving of his soul to the cloth-making process. -more complex, religiou, didactic (preachy)

question

The Transcendentalists were likened to the Puritans; however, there were distinct differences. What were those? (This information can be found in the notes on Transcendentalism.)

answer

They, like the Puritans, believed the individual experienced God firsthand; however, unlike the Puritans they believed this ability was given to everyone, not just an elect few. Transcendentalism was democratic, asserting that the power of the individual mind and soul are equally available to all people. Also like the Puritans, the trans. encouraged close self-scrutiny of the individual; however, unlike the Puritans, the trans. advocated self-confidence, spiritual wealth, and new intellectual insights.

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In the final lines of "To My Dear and Loving Husband" Bradstreet expresses the hope that she

answer

and her husband will achieve eternal happiness and salvation

question

In "To My Dear and Loving Husband"the poet does not mention

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a wife's self-sacrifice

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Anne Bradstreet was

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the first Colonial female poet and the first poet to publish a book of poetry written in America

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True of False: The Southern colonies established a tidewater aristocracy because of their lucrative trade with Great Britain.

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True

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True or False: The Pilgrims broke away from the Church of England because they felt it needed to be purified.

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False [Puritans=Purify]

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True or False: The Puritans wanted to make a complete break from the Church of England.

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False [that would be the Pilgrims=Separatists]

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True or False: By 1750 Philadelphia, a city settled by Quakers, was the unofficial capital of the colonies.

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True

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True or False: The first permanent colony in the new world was Jamestown which was settled for mercantile purposes.

answer

True

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True or False: The Half-Way Covenant allowed the church members to participate in the communion service but not baptism.

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False

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True or False: The Mayflower passengers originally hoped to settle near Virginia.

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True

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True or False: The Puritans believed in a divine mission.

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True

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True or False: Cotton Mather was one of the most respected ministers in the colonies.

answer

True

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True or False: The Puritans contributed to the democratic form of government by incorporating the town-meeting, but not popular elections.

answer

False

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Edward Taylor's chief request in "Huswifery" is to

answer

receive God's grace

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In the "Preface" as the title suggests, Taylor primarily ponders

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creation

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Taylor uses the image of a bowling alley to describe the marvel of the

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sun

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"Huswifery" compares God to all of the following except

answer

seamstress

question

"Huswifery" is an example of a

answer

conceit [extended metaphor]

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Bradford describes incidents that indicate his

answer

belief in the works of God

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Bradford's chief purpose in writing Of Plymouth Plantation was to

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write a history that underscores his religious beliefs

question

According to Bradford, what was the main reason the peace lasted so long between the Pilgrims and the Indians?

answer

They drew up peace terms and each group worked to keep them.

question

The New England colonies fared better than the Southern colonies because

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they brought women with them they were of the mercant class they held a common ideological goal

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Bradford believed in all of the following EXCEPT

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tolerance of sin

question

The Age of Reason emphasized

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order and moderation

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Rationalism is the belief that we can arrive at truth by using

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reason

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The Age of Reason in America combined European theory with American

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common sense

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The belief that God makes it possible for all people to discover the laws of the universe through reason is known as

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deism

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Most of the American literature written during the Age of Reason can be describes as

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realistic

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Which of the following statments is true of the Age of Reason

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People were optimistic about the possibilities of science and rational thinking.

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During the 1700's the most popular topic in writings by Americans was

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politics

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Deists believe the universe to be

answer

orderly and good

question

Which view of America is most strongly reflected in the selection from the Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography?

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It is a land of opportunity.

question

When Ben Franklin left his brother, he could find no work in Boston because of

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brother's words

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Franklin wanted to reach moral perfection by leading his life according to

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Thirteen Virtues

question

Franklin's Precept of Order listed

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his schedule for 24 hours

question

Which of the following inferences about Franklin can be drawn from this sentence from The Autobiography: "I judge it would be well not to distract my attention by attempting the whole at once but to fix it on one of [the virtues] at a time; and, when I should master of that, then to proceed to another."

answer

He is logical and persistent.

question

True or False: The chief purpose of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" is to persuade the audience to join a holy war against all non-Christians.

answer

False

question

True or False: Most church members hearing Edwards' sermon would be deeply moved and frightened.

answer

True

question

True or False: Edwards states that sinners are destined to eternal damnation.

answer

True

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True or False: In his letter to his future wife, Edwards states that she is aloof and brooding.

answer

False

question

True or False: In his "Personal Narrative" Edwards reflects upon the development of his religious insights.

answer

True

question

True or False: Thomas Paine believes that God will protect the colonists because they have diligently tried to avoid war.

answer

True

question

True or False:According to Paine, panic has the potential to strengthen courage.

answer

True

question

True or False: Paine admires the Tories and supports their beliefs.

answer

False

question

True or False: In Paine's opinion, the colonists are treated like slaves.

answer

True

question

True or False: The Tory tavern-keeper's wish for peace in his day stirs Paine's contempt.

answer

True

question

True or False: Crisis No. 1 outlines Paine's plan to attack the British mainland.

answer

False

question

True or False: General William Howe is a renowned Revolutionary War hero.

answer

False

question

True or False: At the time Crisis No. 1 was written, British troops had already attacked the colonists.

answer

True

question

True or False: Joan of Arc leads the Continental Army against the English.

answer

False

question

True or False: George Washington has never been defeated in battle.

answer

False

question

Which of the following does not describe Rip?

answer

brave

question

Whose picture had replaced King George's on the sign?

answer

George Washington

question

How long had Rip slept?

answer

20 years

question

What were the men doing in the woods?

answer

Bowling

question

Irving identifies the source of "Rip Van Winkle" as

answer

an historical narrative researched and written by Knickerbocker

question

The climax of "Rapaccini's Daughter" occurs when

answer

Giovanni accuses Beatrice

question

Hawthorne likens Rappaccini's garden to

answer

the Garden of Eden

question

In "The Minister's Black Veil what is the subject of Mr. Hooper's sermon on the first day that he wears the veil?

answer

Human secrets

question

The one desirable effect of the veil is that it

answer

makes Hooper a very efficient minister

question

Hooper's final words suggest

answer

everyone hides the secrets of his or her soul

question

What chief emotion does the veil inspire in Mr. Hooper's parishioners?

answer

fear

question

The contortion of this creature in the garden in "Rapaccini's Daughter" foreshadows the danger of the garden.

answer

lizard

question

The antidote in "Rapaccini's Daughter" the poison is provided by

answer

Baglioni

question

Giovanni knows he has been affected when

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the flower withers

question

In"The Minister's Black Veil" Elizabeth...

answer

refuses to marry him takes care of him when he gets sick does care for and respect him

question

Who's purpose in writing was to leave a history for the descendants; to show God's hand in the affairs of men and the success of the colony as evidence of the following God's will? Skill: plain style; there is evidence of knowledge of the Geneva Bible; uses literary devices such as metaphors, similes, alliteration, and personification.

answer

William Bradford

question

Skill: direct, subtlety, technical skill and relevance. Theme: constant change, do not become too attached to things in the world, domestic situations

answer

Anne Bradstreet

question

Experimented with a number of forms: short lyrical poems with the use of conceits (elaborate) and extended metaphors. Writes through use of a dialogue or debate on points of religious doctrin, meditative poetry dominated by patriotism

answer

Edward Taylor

question

Known as the author of the first tract published against slavery in this country & diary depicts the resultant secularization, and the daily life of the generation within his time

answer

Samuel Sewall

question

Kept a diary, wrote travel books, scientific dispatches, poems, essays, and letters , secret diary, sharp style, racy humor, gossipy

answer

William Byrd

question

1st significant philosopher. Style: plain, restrained in his use of adjectives, perception of the natural world provided Christian theology with a new dimension, regenerated spirit in comprehending the mysteries of God's ways towards man

answer

Jonathan Edwards

question

Perfected the Puritan style, noting that writing should be clear, smooth, and short and sometimes witty

answer

Benjamin Franklin

question

Helped create American independence by plain words, "Common Sense"

answer

Thomas Paine

question

Inspired by themes of death and transience. Poetry was written simply, naturally, and concretely. Simple style and use of American themes. Poems two groups: those devoted to politics and freedom and those given over to nature and romantic fancy.

answer

Phillip Freneau

question

1st African American Poet

answer

Phyllis Wheatley

question

Literary Significance: -First with view that literature should engage and entertain exuberance, Bluntness of tone, Delight in language, commonplace diction, -First modern short stories; although they lack in conciseness; first juvenile literature -First to write good history and biography as literary entertainment -Introduced the familiar essay to America -Restored the Gothic romance in a humorous tone -Began tradition of satire in America -First to awaken interest in the American scene from New York to the prairies

answer

Washington Irving

question

Literary significance: -Good pace and timing with contrast between action and repose. -Scenes clear as paintings. -Good quality of development of Leatherstocking's character -Great sense of continuity through a series of books -Some of the best descriptions of the sea in literature -Created characters which led to other characters later -Believed in a natural order of democracy Weaknesses: -In some passages the prose seems stilted and the dialogue wooden -Overuse of some devices -Poor presentation of women

answer

James Fenimore

question

Themes: Mutability, death, nature, and God's presence in nature, the past, freedom, human reform, and morality. Elements in his poetry: 1. Elegy- a poetic form of dealing with death 2. Personification- the nonhuman is endowed with human characteristics 3. Inversion- sentence pattern is reversed for emphasis. -In his poems the natural world is at once the visible face of God, a source of moral lessons, and a means of exploring the human imagination.

answer

William Cullen Bryant

question

Literary Significance: -wrote aphorisms rather than sustained lectures -poet, he developed an individual form, making use of blank verse, abandonment of consistent rhyming -final poems, he used free verse.

answer

Ralph Waldo Emerson

question

Unlike that of the Puritans, the greatest sinners were so concerned with themselves that they coldly denied their sympathy to other human beings, evil as a force that leaves its mark on generation after generation, mysteries of the human heart and the question of human evil are the true subjects

answer

Nathaniel Hawthorne

question

Contributions to American Literature: -gift for the narrative -naturalized foreign themes and poetic form -used Balladry (simple lyricism) -popularized the national epic -sensitive craftsmanship -clarity of style Weaknesses: -didacticism (teach) -sentimentality French the two characterizations of the genius of America: 1) the aspirations of the ideal 2) the love of action.

answer

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

question

-feeling for rural family life, for the land and the seasons, for frugal ways and simple pleasures. -pacifist and the most moral and abolition of slavery -active in politics -style kindled the fire of creativity

answer

John Greenleaf Whittier

American Literature 251 – Midterm Exam – Flashcards

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