question

Amicus Curiae Brief

answer

A brief (a document containing a legal argument supporting a desired outcome in a particular case) filed by a third party, or amicus curiae (Latin for friend of the court), who is not directly involved in the litigation but who has an interest in the outcome of the case.

question

Appellate Court

answer

A court having jurisdiction to review cases and issues that were originally tried in lower courts.

question

Case Law

answer

Judicial interpretations of common law principles and doctrines, as well as interpretations of constitutional law, statutory law, and administrative law.

question

Class-Action Suit

answer

A lawsuit filed by an individual seeking damages for all persons similarly situated.

question

Common Law

answer

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing custom. Decisions were applied to similar situations and gradually became common to the nation.

question

Concurring Opinion

answer

A separate opinion prepared by a judge who supports the decision of the majority of the court but who wants to make or clarify a particular point or to voice disapproval of the grounds on which the decision was made.

question

Dissenting Opinion

answer

A separate opinion in which a judge dissents from (disagrees with) the conclusion reached by the majority on the court and expounds his or her own views about the case.

question

Diversity of Citizenship

answer

The condition that exists when the parties to a lawsuit are citizens of different states, or when the parties are citizens of a U.S. state and citizens or the government of a foreign country. Diversity of citizenship can provide a basis for federal jurisdiction.

question

General Jurisdiction

answer

Exists when a court's authority to hear cases is not significantly restricted. A court of general jurisdiction normally can hear a broad range of cases.

question

Jurisdiction

answer

The authority of a court to decide certain cases. Not all courts have the authority to decide all cases. Where a case arises and what its subject matter is are two jurisdictional issues.

question

justiciable controversy

answer

A controversy that is real and substantial, as opposed to hypothetical or academic

question

Litigate

answer

To engage in a legal proceeding or seek relief in a court of law; to carry on a lawsuit.

question

Majority Opinion

answer

A court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the judges.

question

Opinion

answer

The statement by a judge or a court of the decision reached in a case. The opinion sets forth the applicable law and details the reasoning on which the ruling was based.

question

Precedent

answer

A court rule bearing on subsequent legal decisions in similar cases. Judges rely on precedents in deciding cases.

question

Reverse

answer

To annul or make void a court ruling on account of some error or irregularity.

question

Rule of Four

answer

A United States Supreme Court procedure by which four justices must vote to grant a petition for review if a case is to come before the full court.

question

Senatorial Courtesy

answer

In federal district court judgeship nominations, a tradition allowing a senator to veto a judicial appointment in his or her state.

question

Stare Decisis

answer

To stand on decided cases; the judicial policy of following precedents established by past decisions.

question

Strict Construction

answer

A judicial philosophy that looks to the letter of the law when interpreting the Constitution or a particular statute.

question

Trial Court

answer

The court in which most cases begin.

question

Unanimous Opinion

answer

A court opinion or determination on which all judges agree.

question

Writ of Certiorari

answer

An order issued by a higher court to a lower court to send up the record of a case for review.

question

Domestic Policy

answer

Public plans or courses of action that concern internal issues of national importance, such as poverty, crime, and the environment.

question

Federal Open Market Committee

answer

The most important body within the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Open Market Committee decides how monetary policy should be carried out.

question

Federal Reserve System (the Fed)

answer

The agency created by Congress in 1913 to serve as the nation's central banking organization.

question

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

answer

The dollar value of all final goods and services produced in a one-year period.

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Gross Public Debt

answer

The net public debt plus interagency borrowings within the government.

question

inflation

answer

a sustained rise in the general price level of goods and services

question

Keynesian Economics

answer

A school of economic thought that tends to favor active federal government policymaking to stabilize economy-wide fluctuations, usually by implementing discretionary fiscal policy.

question

Medicaid

answer

A joint state-federal program that provides medical care to the poor (including indigent elderly persons in nursing homes). The program is funded out of general government revenues.

question

Medicare

answer

A federal health-insurance program that covers U.S. residents over the age of sixtyfive. The costs are met by a tax on wages and salaries.

question

moral hazard

answer

the danger that protecting an individual or institution from the consequences of failure will encourage risky behavior

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personal mandate

answer

in health-care reform, the requirement that all citizens obtain health-care insurance coverage from some source, public or private

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Progressive Tax

answer

A tax that rises in percentage terms as incomes rise.

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Recession

answer

Two or more successive quarters in which the economy shrinks instead of grows.

question

Regressive Tax

answer

A tax that falls in percentage terms as incomes rise.

question

U.S. Treasury Bond

answer

Debt issued by the federal government.

question

unemployment

answer

the inability of those who are in the labor force to find a job; the number of those in the labor force actively looking for a job, but unable to find one

question

Universal Health Insurance

answer

Any of several possible programs to provide health insurance to everyone in the country. The central government does not necessarily provide the insurance itself, but may subsidize the purchase of insurance from private insurance companies.

question

Cold War

answer

The ideological, political, and economic confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II.

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Containment

answer

A U.S. diplomatic policy adopted by the Truman administration to contain Communist power within its existing boundaries.

question

Diplomacy

answer

The process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means.

question

Détente

answer

A French word meaning a relaxation of tensions. The term characterized U.S.-Soviet relations as they developed under President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

question

Foreign Policy

answer

A nation's external goals and the techniques and strategies used to achieve them.

question

Intelligence Community

answer

The government agencies that gather information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments or that engage in convert actions.

question

Isolationist Foreign Policy

answer

A policy of abstaining from an active role in international affairs or alliances, which characterized U.S. foreign policy toward Europe during most of the 1800s.

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

A policy statement made by President James Monroe in 1823, which set out three principles: (1) European nations should not establish new colonies in the Western Hemisphere, (2) European nations should not intervene in the affairs of independent nations of the Western Hemisphere, and (3) the United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations.

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Moral Idealism

answer

A philosophy that sees nations as normally willing to cooperate and to agree on moral standards for conduct.

question

National Security Policy

answer

Foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the nation's independence and political and economic integrity; policy that is concerned with the safety and defense of the nation.

question

Negative Constituents

answer

Citizens who openly oppose the government's policies. Example: State Department

question

Normal Trade Relations (NTR) Status

answer

A status granted through an international treaty by which each member nation must treat other members at least as well as it treats the country that receives its most favorable treatment. This status was formerly known as most-favored-nation status. Example: China has permanent status

question

Political Realism

answer

A philosophy that sees each nation acting principally in its own interest.

question

Soviet Bloc

answer

The Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries that installed Communist regimes after World War II and were dominated by the Soviet Union.

question

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)

answer

A treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union to stabilize the nuclear arms competition between the two countries. SALT I talks began in 1969, and agreements were signed on May 26, 1972.

question

Technical Assistance

answer

The practice of sending experts in such areas as agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations.

question

Truman Doctrine

answer

The policy adopted by President Harry Truman in 1947 to halt Communist expansion in southeastern Europe

question

acquitted

answer

Found not guilty.

question

adversary system

answer

A legal system in which parties to a legal action are opponents and are responsible for bringing the facts and law related to their case before the court.

question

appellate jurisdiction

answer

The authority vested in an appellate court to review and revise the judicial actions of inferior courts.

question

burden of proof

answer

In a court case, a party's duty to convince a judge or jury that the party's version of the facts is true. The standard of proof is higher in a criminal case than in a civil one.

question

change of venue

answer

A change in the site of a trial.

question

civil law

answer

The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters. Under civil law, the government provides the forum for the settlement of disputes between private parties in such matters as contracts, domestic relations, and business relations.

question

county courts-at-law

answer

In Texas, county courts in addition to the constitutional county court. They are established by the legislature in all but the smallest Texas counties and may have criminal or civil jurisdiction. They form a level of courts superior to justice of the peace and municipal courts but inferior to district courts. County Judge In Texas, an official elected countywide to preside over the commissioners court and to try certain minor cases.

question

deferred adjudication

answer

A procedure that allows a judge to postpone final sentencing in a criminal case; charges are dismissed if the defendant completes a satisfactory probationary period.

question

docket

answer

The schedule of court activity.

question

due process

answer

Established rules and principles for the administration of justice designed to safeguard the rights of the individual. The right to due process of law is provided by the U.S. Constitution and most state constitutions.

question

examining trial

answer

A relatively uncommon procedure that may be requested by felony defendants in Texas. In an examining trial, a justice of the peace reviews the facts and decides whether the case should go to criminal court.

question

FBI index crimes

answer

A set of crimes reported by the FBI and commonly used as a way of measuring the overall crime rate. The index crimes are murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft.

question

felony

answer

A crime such as arson, murder, rape, or robbery that carries the most severe sanctions, usually ranging from one year in prison to death.

question

grand jury

answer

A jury that sits in pretrial proceedings to determine if sufficient evidence exists to try an individual and, therefore, approve an indictment.

question

misdemeanor

answer

A lesser crime than a felony, punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to one year.

question

mistrial

answer

A trial judged to be invalid because of fundamental error. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again, beginning with the selection of the jury.

question

original jurisdiction

answer

The authority of a court to consider a case in the first instance; the power to try a case, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, which involves the power to review cases decided by other courts.

question

parole

answer

Early release from prison under official supervision.

question

plea bargaining

answer

Negotiations that take place between the prosecution and the defense in a criminal case in which the defendant normally is offered a lighter sentence or other benefits in return for a guilty plea.

question

probation

answer

A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.

question

punitive damage award

answer

A financial payment that may be awarded to a plaintiff in a civil case to punish the defendant and deter similar conduct in the future.

question

tort reform

answer

In civil law, a tort is a wrong or injury (other than a breach of contract). Tort reform is an effort to limit liability in tort cases.

question

victimless crime

answer

A crime in which there does not appear to be a victim; a consensual crime. (Alternatively, the person breaking the law may be considered the primary victim.) Examples often cited include prostitution, gambling, and illegal drug possession.

question

writ of information

answer

In criminal law, a formal accusation filed by a prosecutor against a party charged with a crime. It is an alternative to an indictment and does not involve a grand jury.

question

The settlement of disputes between private parties in matters such as contracts and domestic disputes is called

answer

civil law.

question

The requirement of a prosecutor to convince a jury or judge that the defendant is guilty of a crime is called the

answer

burden of proof.

question

Serious types of crime, such as murder, robbery, and burglary, are known as

answer

felonies.

question

Crimes such as gambling, prostitution, and drug possession are examples of

answer

victimless crime.

question

A pretrial examination of some evidence to determine whether or not a case should go to trial is normally conducted by a

answer

grand jury.

question

The best efforts of attorneys to influence a jury by presenting evidence and testimony is known as

answer

the adversarial system.

question

Municipal courts were created to legally deal with cases involving

answer

violations of city ordinances.

question

The governing bodies of the Texas counties are the

answer

county courts-at-law.

question

Which court first receives automatic appeals in Texas death penalty cases?

answer

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

question

Probably the most controversial issue with regard to judges in Texas is that of

answer

campaign financing.

question

Capitalism is

answer

an economic system marked by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract.

question

What are some weakness' of the Articles of Confederation?

answer

Congress lacked the power to collect taxes directly from the people. Each state had one vote regardless of size. Congress lacked the power to coin money. There was no executive branch.

question

Which powers belong only to the national government?

answer

International treaties, setting up the postal service, and printing money

question

The incorporation theory

answer

holds the view that most of the protections of the Bill of Rights apply to state and local governments' activities through the 14th Amendment.

question

The answers given by respondents to poll questions are influenced by all of the following

answer

the possible range of answers to the questions presented. a yes/no format that restricts the respondents' choices. the order in which questions are asked. poorly designed questions that tip respondents in a particular direction.

question

All of the following are techniques used by interest groups to involve the general public

answer

getting people to boycott a business . attempting to mobilize large numbers of constituents to write, phone, or send emails to their legislators using demonstrations, rallies and marches. commissioning polls and publicizing the results for the public to see.

question

During the last half-century, the Democrats have been known as the party of

answer

well-educated, professional individuals..

question

The number of members each state will have in the electoral college

answer

is determined by adding the number of representatives and the number of senators a state has in Congress.

question

Reapportionment is

answer

the allocation of seats in the House to each state after each census

question

The president, in the capacity as head of state, is responsible for

answer

engaging in activities that are largely symbolic or ceremonial in nature.

question

What are the four major types of structures within the executive branch?

answer

Government corporations Independent executive agencies Cabinet departments Independent regulatory agencies

question

A previous court decision which influences and is the basis for deciding later, similar cases is called

answer

a precedent.

question

What are four problems with health care in the United States?

answer

In 2008, more than 45 million Americans did not have health insurance. Those uninsured pay higher fees than those covered by health insurance. Average insurance benefits in 2009 cost more than $20,000 per year for each employee covered by employer health insurance. For people with pre-existing conditions it has been nearly impossible to obtain health insurance at any price.

question

The doctrine of containment set forth by George F. Kennan

answer

was expressed in the Truman Doctrine enunciated by President Harry Truman in 1947 and said that the United States should seek to contain Communist power within existing boundaries.

question

The first Republican since Reconstruction to win Texas' presidential electoral votes was

answer

Dwight Eisenhower.

question

What is in the current Texas constitution?

answer

separation of powers. checks and balances. limited government.

question

Which factor has contributed least to the influence of lobbyists over Texas legislators?

answer

Strong public participation

question

The greatest problem that the Republican Party in Texas had to overcome was the

answer

legacy of radical reconstruction.

question

Special elections in Texas are held for all of the following purposes,

answer

conducting a run-off election. filling a state legislative vacancy. ratifying an amendment to the state constitution.

question

Which court first receives automatic appeals in Texas death penalty cases?

answer

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

question

The procedure of having a justice of the peace review facts to decide if a criminal trial should be held is called

answer

an examining trial

question

About what percent of Texas county judges are licensed attorneys?

answer

12%

question

The highest court of criminal appeals in Texas is the

answer

Court of Criminal Appeals

question

A fundamental error in the conduct of a trial can result in a

answer

declaration of a mistrial

question

How many justices sit on the Texas Supreme Court?

answer

Nine

question

A listing of a court's case activity is formally called its

answer

docket

question

the term "original jurisdiction" pertains to a court being

answer

the first authority to try a case

question

In Texas, the ratio of lawyers in the general population is approximately

answer

1:300

question

Moving the site of a trial to another location is called

answer

a change of venue

question

It is estimated that about 90% of state district court cases are resolved under a

answer

plea bargain

question

The highest court of appeals in juvenile cases in Texas is the

answer

Texas Supreme Court

question

Negotiations in which a defendant is offered a lighter sentence in exchange for a guilty pleas is known as

answer

plea bargaining

question

Courts with the authority to review and revise the actions of lower courts have

answer

appellate jurisdiction

question

About what percentage of judges in district courts, county courts-at-law, and probate courts first assume office through appointment to fill a vacancy?

answer

45%

question

The burden of proof standard used in civil cases is called

answer

preponderance of the evidence

question

The violation and prosecution of statutory laws are examples of

answer

criminal law

question

Juvenile cases are usually tried in a

answer

state district court

question

Financial awards in civil cases to deter similar behavior in the future are known as

answer

punitive damages

question

An additional county court created by the legislature with either criminal or civil jurisdiction is called a

answer

county court-at-law

question

The intermediate level of appeals in the Texas judicial system would be the

answer

court of appeals

question

Justices on the Texas Supreme Court are selected by

answer

direct popular vote

question

What are true of the attacks of 9/11?

answer

Americans were forced to change their views of national security Americans still knew that regional conflicts in other parts of the world had no direct impact on the United States

question

What are true statements of the Second Gulf War?

answer

Coalition forces put an immediate halt to looting and disorder in the country The war began when the United States invaded Iraq in 2003 Establishing order and creating a new government in Iraq turned out to be extraordinarily difficult for the United States President Bush decided to take unilateral action against Iraq

question

What is true in regard to Afghanistan?

answer

Attacks by the US targeted both al Queda camps and the Taliban regime which had ruled most of Afghanistan since 1996

question

What are true statements of China and the United States?

answer

there are large and growing trade ties between the US and China China exports substantially more goods and services to the United States than it imports instead of goods and services China has imported US bonds Since 1972, American policy has hoped to gradually engage the Chinese in diplomatic and economic relationships to move China in a pro-Western direction

question

The internationally recognized solution to the Israeli-Palestinian dispute is that

answer

Israel yields the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the Palestinians in return for security guarantees and Palestinian abandonment of any right of return to Israel proper

question

The State Department is

answer

the executive agency that is most directly concerned with foreign affairs

question

One of the major outcomes of the Vietnam War was

answer

a new interest in the balance of power between Congress and the president on foreign policy questions

question

True statements about the war in Vietnam

answer

the war provoked extremely heated debate within the US society at the height of the war Americans forces were about 500,000 a large scale American troop commitment began under President Lyndon B Johnson the war ended in 1975 with a North Vietnamese victory

question

During the Cold War there was

answer

no direct military conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union

question

Political realism is a philosophy that

answer

sees each nation as acting in its own interest regardless of moral considerations

question

a majority of the population of Iraq is

answer

Shiite Arab

question

In January 2006, ____ won a majority of the seats in the Palestinian legislature, an alarming development since it has called for the destruction of Israel.

answer

the militant group Hamas

question

During the 1800's, the United States generally

answer

stayed out of European conflicts and politics but pursued an expansionist policy in this hemisphere

question

The intelligence community does not include

answer

Department of Defense

question

In 2003, President George W Bush enunciated a new foreign policy doctrine, the Bush Doctrine, which held, in part, that

answer

the United States was prepared to wage preemptive war against perceived threats with or without allies

question

When President George W Bush was willing to work with India and Pakistan, both of which had been sharply criticized by the United States in recent years, in order to gain their cooperation in the war in Afghanistan, he drew on tradition

answer

of political realism

question

North Korea

answer

pulled back on its treaty obligations and in 2009 tested a long-range missile capable of delivering a nuclear warhead

question

The sending of experts with technical skills to aid other nations is called

answer

technical assistance

question

Diplomacy refers to

answer

the settling of disputes and conflicts among nations by peaceful methods

question

US foreign policy

answer

in the twentieth century has maintained the goal of staying out of involvement with other nations

question

When President George W Bush declared Osama bin Laden was evil and that fighting terrorism was fighting evil, he drew on the tradition of

answer

moral idealism

question

The government agencies that are involved in gathering information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments are collectively known as

answer

the intelligence community

question

The National Security Council (NSC) is

answer

an advisory body to the president on foreign policy matters

question

American isolationism ended

answer

with the bombing of the US naval base at Pearl Harbor

question

Intelligent activities

answer

are carried out in secret and most Americans rarely find out about them

question

A major determinant of US foreign policy in the formative years was

answer

that the US had a very weak military

question

Since World War II, executive agreements have

answer

accounted for almost 95% of the understanding reached between the United States and other nations

question

One of the problems for the State Department domestically is that

answer

it has only "negative constituents"-citizens who oppose the government's policies

question

President Obama

answer

dismissed General McCrystal when he made highly critical remarks about VP Biden and other people in the Obama administration on Afghanistan policies

question

Department of Defense

answer

is larger than any other federal department

question

All of the following are true of domestic policy

answer

redistributive policy transfers income from certain individuals or groups to others. Social Security is an example of domestic policy. Regulatory policy seeks to define what is and is not legal. Domestic policy ranges from speed limits on interstate highways, how best to protect our environment, to what should be done about unemployment.

question

All of the following statements about the Medicare system are true

answer

it pays for hospital and physicians' bills for almost all U.S. residents over sixty-five years of age. It is funded by a special tax on wages and salaries. Because of caps on reimbursements, some health care providers have refused to participate in the program. It helps pay for prescription drugs for those over sixty-five.

question

Immigration

answer

is regarded by some as a plus for the United States because it offsets the low birthrate and aging population. will result in jobs that pay lower wages for Americans with few skills, some argue. helps expand the workforce and the taxes paid help to support government programs that benefit older Americans. at current rates will create a United States where the "white majority" no longer dominates American politics.

question

True statements about crime and prisons

answer

Many Americans believe that the best solution to the nation's crime problem is to impose stiff prison sentences on offenders. The United States has more of people in jail or prison than any other country in the world. More than one male out of every 100 is in jail or prison in the United States. The number of incarcerated persons has grown rapidly in recent years.

question

President Obama's legislative agenda

answer

was directed at energy and environmental issues.

question

Monetary policy includes

answer

using changes in the rate at which new money is put into circulation to alter national economic variables.

question

During the last few decades

answer

the top 1 percent of income earners made almost 19 percent of the nation's income.

question

Sources of American law include all of the following

answer

statutes passed by legislatures. administrative regulations. the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. case law.

question

The United States Constitution

answer

is the supreme law of the land.

question

The levels of the federal court system are

answer

federal district court, intermediate courts of appeal, Supreme Court.

question

Federal courts have jurisdiction

answer

when there is a federal question in the case. when there is diversity of citizenship in the case.

question

U.S. district courts

answer

are the trial courts of the federal system.

question

In the appeals court,

answer

decisions from the district court are reviewed for points of law, error, or interpretation.

question

The Supreme Court can review a state supreme court decision

answer

only if a federal question is involved.

question

Federal judges

answer

may be impeached and removed from office. are approved by the Senate. are appointed by the president. serve lifetime terms.

question

the Supreme Court

answer

justices and all other federal judges are appointed by the president

question

Most cases are decided

answer

on the basis of precedent

question

Appointments to the Supreme Court by President Obama

answer

were Sonia Sotomayor, the first Hispanic member, and Elena Kagan

question

Appointments to the federal court of appeals

answer

are far less numerous than federal district appointments

question

Alexis de Tocqueville, an observer of nineteenth-century American society, indicated that Americans rely on courts

answer

to resolve political questions

question

standing to sue is

answer

determined by whether or not a person or group has suffered harm as a result of the action that led to the dispute in question

question

George W Bush's appointments to the Supreme Court

answer

John G Roberts, Jr and Samuel Alito, Jr

question

public opinion can serve as a check on the judiciary because

answer

the public may pressure elected officials not to enforce an unpopular ruling

question

justiciable controversies

answer

are issues appropriate for resolution in court

question

the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of a law or action is called

answer

judicial review

question

a dissenting opinion can be important because

answer

it often forms the basis of the arguments used later to reverse the majority opinion in a similar case

question

the last step in the decision making process of the Supreme Court is

answer

announcing its decision to the public and the reasons for it

question

the opinion of the court

answer

sets forth the reasoning upon which the ruling was based

question

interest groups play an important role in our judicial system because

answer

they bring to trial cases of discrimination, civil liberties cases, and more than a third of cases involving business matters

question

According to the Constitution, the Supreme Court can exercise original jurisdiction

answer

in cases affecting foreign diplomats and in cases in which the state is a party

question

the number of cases the Supreme Court reviews each term has

answer

dropped significantly since the 1980's

question

the concept of senatorial courtesy refers to the

answer

practice of allowing senators to veto candidates for federal district courts in their state

question

Universal health insurance

answer

has been adopted by all economically advanced nations except the United States

question

Domestic policy

answer

can be defined as all the laws, government planning, and government action that concern internal issues of national importance

question

policy formulation is

answer

the discussion of proposals between government officials and the public

question

Incarceration does not

answer

prevent many felons from committing additional crimes once they are out of prison

question

In the BP oil spill

answer

an investigation revealed that the Minerals Management Service staff members in the Gulf allowed industry officials to complete their own inspection reports

question

Because of the____, the United States does indeed have a _____

answer

income tax; progressive tax system

question

With regard to the issue of oil and energy,

answer

in recent years the United States government has done little to reduce the nation's dependence on foreign oil

question

theft rates in the United States

answer

have declined substantially during the last two decades

question

policy implementation is

answer

concerned with how policies are carried out by bureaucrats, the courts, police, and individual citizens

question

the part of policymaking process that involves choosing a specific policy from among the proposals that have been discussed is known as

answer

policy adoption

question

Medicare

answer

has put caps on what it will reimburse individual physicians and physicians groups

question

the responsibility of the Federal Open Market Committee is to

answer

implement the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve

question

In comparing the total amount of taxes collected as a percentage of gross domestic product

answer

the United State's rate is around twenty-eight to thirty percent

question

The population group with the highest incarceration rate is

answer

non-Hispanic African American men, ages 30-34

question

the suspect is told of charges

answer

on arrest in the arraignment again in subsequent proceeding

question

sixth amendment requires

answer

state courts to appoint counsel for the poor

question

municipal courts

answer

serve one year or indefinitely try city ordinances 80% are traffic violations qualifications vary by city in 2007, 50% were licensed attorneys

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