question

Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as

answer

immigrants

question

A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is

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an authoritarian government.

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The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the __________ theory of democracy.

answer

elite

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______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives.

answer

social order

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The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is

answer

groups

question

The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of

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self-interest versus public good.

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When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising

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authority

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Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is

answer

narrower because of our shared political culture.

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Individuals coming to the United States seeking asylum are known as

answer

refugees

question

How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"

answer

Rules can be thought of as the how.

question

Power is defined in your text as

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the ability to get other people to do what you want.

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The importance of political culture is that it

answer

reduces conflict in society.

question

A set of beliefs about politics, the economy, and society that helps people make sense of their world is called

answer

an ideology.

question

James Madison thought that average citizens

answer

were not likely to put the community's interests above their individual interests.

question

According to the text, "liberals" are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for

answer

reducing economic inequality.

question

Americans' belief in freedom is defined as

answer

freedom from restraint by the government.

question

Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?

answer

Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights

question

Most Americans acquire U.S. citizenship by

answer

birth

question

Many European countries follow the theory of _____, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality.

answer

social democracy

question

The central democratic institution of the elite theory of democracy is

answer

electoral process

question

What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?

answer

Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations.

question

According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy?

answer

citizen consent

question

Individualism means or implies all of the following EXCEPT

answer

what is good for the individual follows from what is good for society.

question

Social conservatives would agree with all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a significant use of government power to affect the economy.

question

Why do many Americans find it difficult to identify themselves as conservatives or liberals?

answer

Because they consider themselves liberal on some issues and conservative on other issues

question

The founders adopted a federal system

answer

as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments.

question

Early colonists came to America

answer

with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives.

question

In the United States,

answer

legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions.

question

The founders hoped that the Senate would be ______ the House of Representatives.

answer

more stable than

question

The Supreme Court has interpreted the ______ clause of the Constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what Congress can do.

answer

necessary and proper

question

The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of "the pursuit of happiness" because

answer

Jefferson was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect.

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Article III of the Constitution

answer

creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.

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According to the Federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former

answer

divided power between the federal and state governments.

question

The Declaration of Independence reflects the political philosophy of

answer

John Locke

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The significance of the Federalist Papers is that

answer

without them the states might not have ratified the Constitution.

question

In Federalist No. 51, what government structure did James Madison recommend to ensure "ambition...be made to counteract ambition"?

answer

Separation of powers among the branches of federal government

question

The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called

answer

separation of powers

question

The delegate to the Constitutional Convention who had the greatest impact on the document was

answer

James Madison

question

The amendment process for the Constitution

answer

was designed to allow growth and change but not to be too easy.

question

Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as

answer

factions

question

According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because

answer

no faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way.

question

Which of the following states were generally first to ratify the Constitution?

answer

small states

question

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were

answer

the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country.

question

In declaring all men to be equal, the authors of the Declaration of Independence followed Locke in all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Locke condemned slavery.

question

The ultimate impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans was that

answer

many slaves earned freedom during the war, but in the aftermath of the war they did not find their lot greatly improved.

question

During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by

answer

the people

question

The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to

answer

increase the power of the national government.

question

Under the three-fifths compromise,

answer

each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation.

question

The founders intended the people to have influence over public policy through

answer

the House of Representatives.

question

James Madison believed that factions were particularly dangerous to a republic because

answer

they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other.

question

The necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

answer

Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers.

question

The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is

answer

dual federalism.

question

A ______ system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power.

answer

unitary

question

Confederal governments are usually found today

answer

in multinational relationships.

question

McCulloch v. Maryland increased the power of the federal government by

answer

interpreting the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution very broadly.

question

Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the

answer

commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly.

question

In the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court ruled that many New Deal programs

answer

were unconstitutional.

question

Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called

answer

block grants.

question

The federal government has been able to use categorical grants to coerce states into doing what it wants most of the time because

answer

states have become financially dependent on this aid.

question

The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by

answer

redefining the purpose of American government.

question

According to the "Consider the Source" feature in Chapter 3, what is the relationship between newspaper articles, editorials, and columns?

answer

Newspaper articles are written to avoid bias, whereas editorials and columns make one-sided arguments.

question

The rulings of the Supreme Court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of

answer

the power of the national government.

question

The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to

answer

business and the economy.

question

Congress has been reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because

answer

they allow states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals.

question

The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution states that

answer

the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

question

A major debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists concerned the

answer

balance of power between the federal and state governments.

question

Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called

answer

unfunded mandates

question

The fact that the federal government was able to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the

answer

ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly.

question

The enumerated powers are

answer

listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.

question

The enumerated powers are important because they

answer

showed the founders' commitment to creating a strong national government.

question

One of the great advantages of American federalism over the years has been the

answer

flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy.

question

Although the Constitution provides for both national and state powers,

answer

the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787.

question

One reason for the growth of the national government's power and influence has been

answer

heightened expectations and demands placed on the federal government.

question

The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to

answer

strike down racial segregation in the states.

question

What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?

answer

Compared with categorical grants, block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend grants-in-aid money.

question

The right of an accused to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her is known as

answer

habeas corpus.

question

The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states is

answer

the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

question

The establishment clause guarantees

answer

that government will not create and support an official state church.

question

According to the Supreme Court, the saying of prayers in public schools

answer

violates the establishment clause.

question

Miranda v. Arizona held that

answer

police have to advise people of their constitutional rights prior to questioning.

question

John Locke's theory of the _____ was based on the notion that people would agree to give up some rights in exchange for the greater common good.

answer

social contract

question

In attempting to decide when speech can be prohibited, the Supreme Court has

answer

made it harder for the government to suppress speech.

question

The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as

answer

political correctness.

question

The Supreme Court's ruling in Griswold v. Connecticut is significant because it

answer

opened the door for a variety of claims regarding the right to privacy.

question

Reproductive rights would be an example of

answer

the right to privacy.

question

Written defamation of character is known as

answer

libel

question

In 2008 and 2010 the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment

answer

establishes an individual right to bear arms.

question

Under the Fourth Amendment, police officers seeking to conduct a search

answer

can search a car without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe a crime was committed.

question

The exclusionary rule is the Supreme Court rule that states that

answer

evidence seized in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights cannot be used to obtain a conviction.

question

_____ describes the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis.

answer

Selective incorporation

question

The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to refuse medical life-support

answer

is a matter for individuals to decide for themselves.

question

The difference between civil rights and civil liberties is

answer

that civil rights involve government action to secure rights of citizenship while civil liberties involve individual freedoms that limit the power of government.

question

James Madison believed that individual citizens could not always be trusted to make decisions to control government and that the United States should set up a _________, a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people.

answer

republic

question

The Lemon test established that

answer

there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion.

question

The Supreme Court has ruled that

answer

symbolic speech is not protected when it is most likely to inspire fear of bodily harm.

question

The Supreme Court has ruled that

answer

public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public.

question

An interesting result of the obscenity debate has been

answer

the alliance of conservatives and radical feminists in opposition to obscenity.

question

The Supreme Court has

answer

generally protected freedom of expression on the Internet.

question

The exclusionary rule is an important aspect of due process because it

answer

serves as a protection against police abuse of power

question

Support of capital punishment has been weakening in the United States mostly due to public concern that

answer

the system might be executing innocent people.

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