Alterations Reproductive Sytem-STD’s – Flashcards

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Sexual maturation occurring before age 6 in girls or age 9 in boys is a condition known as: A) delayed puberty. B) congenital hypopituitarism. C) precocious puberty. D) Klinefelter syndrome.
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Precocious Puberty
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Excessive uterine contractions and endometrial shedding resulting in painful menstruation is a result of: A) excessive prostaglandin levels. B) excessive estrogen levels. C) prostaglandin-blocking medications. D) estrogen-blocking medications.
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excessive prostaglandin levels.
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Failure to menstruate and develop secondary sex characteristics by age 14 is a condition called: A) dysmenorrhea. B) dysfunctional menarche. C) primary amenorrhea. D) secondary amenorrhea.
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primary amenorrhea
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Absence of menstruation for a time equivalent to three or more cycles or 6 months in women who have previously menstruated: A) dysmenorrhea. B) dysfunctional menarche. C) primary amenorrhea. D) secondary amenorrhea.
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secondary amenorrhea
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Causes of secondary amenorrhea other than pregnancy and menopause include which of the following? A) Pituitary tumors B) Thyroid disorders C) Extreme weight loss D) All of the above
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all of the above
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Irregular menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding, and passage of large clots are symptoms of: A) dysfunctional uterine bleeding. B) polycystic ovarian syndrome. C) primary dysmenorrhea. D) premenstrual syndrome.
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dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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6. Polycystic ovarian syndrome usually causes: A) dysmenorrhea. B) infertility. C) heavy periods. D) ovarian cancer.
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infertility [exssive androgen production by inappropriate secretion of gonadotropins]
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7. The major endocrine abnormality associated with the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome is: A) depressed estradiol levels. B) hyperinsulinemia. C) hypocortisolism. D) low androgen production.
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hyperinsulinemia
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8. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the cyclic recurrence of what type of changes? A) Behavioral B) Physical C) Psychological D) All of the above
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All of the above
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9. In premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder refers to which of the following symptoms? A) Uterine cramping B) Fatigue C) Depression D) Fluid retention
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Depression [Exaggerated feeling of depression]
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10. Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by: A) elevated estrogen. B) sexually transmitted infections. C) ectopic pregnancy. D) cervical tumors.
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sexually transmitted infections [Causes severe pain, scarring, and formation of adhesions & abcesses]--> This can also result in infertility
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11. Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease include all of the following EXCEPT: A) abdominal pain. B) dyspareunia. (painful intercourse) C) dyschezia. (painful defecation) D) dyspnea.
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Dyspnea
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12. Vaginitis caused by infection is often related to: A) antibiotic use. B) hypothyroidism. C) autoimmune disease. D) irregular menstrual cycles.
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Antibiotic use
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13. Which of the following sexually transmitted infections are associated with cervicitis and can result in pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and the presence of purulent cervical discharge? A) Chlamydia B) Trichomoniasis C) Gonorrhea D) All of the above
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All of the above
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14. The protrusion of the uterus into the vaginal canal and possibly outside of the vagina is a condition known as uterine: A) rectocele. B) relaxation. C) prolapse. D) vulvitis.
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prolapse
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15. Dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, cartilage, and bone that can eventually develop into: A) ovarian cancer. B) uterine fibroids. C) benign breast tumors. D) follicular cysts.
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ovarian cancer
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16. Pain in the abdomen or pelvis occurring with dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dyspareunia, vaginal bleeding, infertility, adhesions, and scarring anywhere in the abdomen and pelvis is generally caused by a condition called: A) endometriosis. B) leiomyomas. C) endometrial polyps. D) adenomyosis.
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Endometriosis
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17. Uterine fibroids are more technically referred to as: A) benign ovarian cysts. B) leiomyomas. C) endometrial polyps. D) myometrial carcinomas.
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leiomyomas
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18. In a person with endometriosis, where can endometrial implants be found? A) Abdominal cavity B) Ovaries C) Uterine tubes D) All of the above
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all of the above
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19. The Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is used for routine screening of which gynecological cancer? A) Ovarian B) Endometrial C) Cervical D) Vaginal
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cervical
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20. The most important risk factor related to the development of cervical cancer is: A) infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). B) exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). C) cigarette smoking. D) overuse of antibiotics.
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infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
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Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include: A) obesity, early menarche, and infertility. B) oral contraceptive use, low-fat diet, and smoking. C) having multiple children, age 40 years or younger, and chronic vaginitis. D) black race, lower socioeconomic status, and late menarche.
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obesity, early menarche, and infertility.
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22. Which of the following statements about ovarian cancer is FALSE? A) In the early stages, ovarian cancer is usually asymptomatic. B) Women 45 years and younger are at the greatest risk of developing ovarian cancer. C) Ovarian cancer results in ascites caused by seeding of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. D) Ovarian cancer accounts for the most deaths of all cancers of the female reproductive tract.
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Women 45 years and younger are at the greatest risk of developing ovarian cancer.
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23. Urethritis is a common disorder of the male urethra and is most commonly caused by: A) mechanical trauma. B) urethral scarring. C) sexually transmitted infection. D) poor hygiene.
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sexually transmitted infection
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24. Penile cancer is associated with which of the following risk factors? A) Human papilloma virus infection B) Smoking C) Black race D) All of the above
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All of the above
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25. An abnormal dilation of a vein within the scrotum or spermatic cord is known as a (an): A) angiocele. B) spermatocele. C) varicocele. D) hydrocele.
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varicocele
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26. The condition in which one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum in early childhood development is called: A) cryptorchidism. B) testicular torsion. C) orchitis. D) Peyronie disease.
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cryptorchidism.
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27. Which of the following disorders of the male reproductive system is a surgical emergency? A) Testicular torsion B) Cryptorchidism C) Orchitis D) Peyronie disease
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Testicular torsion
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28. The risk of testicular cancer is greater for men who have a history of: A) priapism. B) cryptorchidism. C) phimosis. D) varicocele.
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cryptorchidism
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29. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) results in: A) infertility. B) urethral obstruction. C) prolapsed bladder. D) testicular cancer.
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urethral obstruction
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30. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used to screen for which prostate problem? A) Bacterial prostatitis B) Nonbacterial prostatitis C) Prostatodynia D) Prostatic cancer
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Prostatic cancer AND BPH
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31. To prevent prostate cancer, men should be encouraged to consume a diet low in: A) salt. B) fiber. C) fat. D) calcium.
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fat
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32. The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves all of the following factors EXCEPT: A) increased insulin-like growth factor. B) increased dihydrotestosterone (DHT). C) increased estradiol production. D) genetic predisposition.
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increased dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
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33. Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to: A) urinary tract infection. B) epididymitis. C) benign prostatic hyperplasia. D) prostatitis.
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benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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34. Which of the following is the most important risk factor in the development of prostate cancer? A) Older age B) Vasectomy C) Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) D) Family history
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Older age
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35. Galactorrhea is a disorder of the: A) prostate. B) ovary. C) breast. D) cervix.
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breast
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36. Which of the following statements concerning benign breast disease is TRUE? A) All benign breast lesions are solid tumors. B) Benign breast lumps can be differentiated from malignant tumor by palpation alone. C) Some benign fibrocysts are associated with the development of breast cancer. D) Risk factors for benign breast disease include exposure to carcinogens.
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C) Some benign fibrocysts are associated with the development of breast cancer.
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37. Which of the following hormonal abnormalities is associated with the development of breast cancer? A) Elevated cortisol B) Decreased insulin C) Decreased progesterone D) Elevated estrogen
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elevated estrogen
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38. One factor that offers a protective effect against the development of breast cancer is: A) regular exercise. B) birth control pills. C) not having children. D) moderate alcohol use.
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regular exercise
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39. Which of the following symptoms suggests that a woman should be carefully evaluated for breast cancer? A) Dimpling of the skin on the breast B) Enlarged axillary lymph nodes C) Abnormal discharge from the nipple D) All of the above
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All
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40. Overdevelopment of breast tissue in males is a condition known as: A) ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). B) fibrocystic disease. C) mammography. D) gynecomastia.
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gynecomastia
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This precocious puberty is premature development of sex characteristics appropriate for the child's gender due to premature functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis Isosexual heterosexual incomplete
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isosexual
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This precocious puberty is development of characteristics NOT appropriate for gender----due to adrenal hyperplasia or androgen-secreting tumors Isosexual heterosexual incomplete
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heterosexual
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Caused by excessive synthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
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Primary dysmenorrhea
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A 14-year-old girl has failed to menstruate and develop secondary sex characteristics. What term will the nurse use to describe this condition? Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
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Primary amenorrhea
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Painful menstruation due to fibroids or other pelvic pathology at any time of cycle. Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
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Secondary dysmenorrhea
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Absence of menstruation for more than 6 months due to extreme weight loss, for example. Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhea Primary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
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Secondary amenorrhea
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A woman has irregular menstrual cycles and heavy bleeding with no disease or physical problems. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart? Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Polycystic ovarian syndrome Amenorrhea Premenstrual syndrome
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Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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A patient has the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). During the pain assessment which activity will the patient say lessens the pain?
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resting
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A nurse is asked what causes vaginitis. How should the nurse respond? Vaginitis caused by infection is often related to:
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antibiotic use
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Which of the following sexually transmitted infections are associated with cervicitis and can result in pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and the presence of purulent cervical discharge? A) Chlamydia B) Trichomoniasis C) Gonorrhea D) All of the above
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Chlamydia, Trich, and Gonorrhea=Cervicitis! [ALL]
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Inflammation of the female external genitalia caused by soaps, sprays, tight fitting clothing etc. Cervicitis Prolapse Bartholinitis Vulvitis
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Vulvitis
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A mass of endometrial tissue bulging from the endometrium and causing dysfunctional bleeding. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Benign ovarian cyst Leiomyomas Uterine prolapse Endometrial polyp Endometriosis
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Endometrial polyp
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Presence of endometrial tissue in the abdomen or pelvis that bleeds in response to menstrual cycle. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Benign ovarian cyst Leiomyomas Uterine prolapse Endometrial polyp Endometriosis
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Endometriosis
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Benign tumor of the smooth muscle in the uterus. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Benign ovarian cyst Leiomyomas Uterine prolapse Endometrial polyp Endometriosis
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Lyiomyomas
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Caused by abnormal development of an ovarian follicle or corpus lute. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Benign ovarian cyst Leiomyomas Uterine prolapse Endometrial polyp Endometriosis
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Benign ovarian cyst
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Cervical cancer is triggered by what virus?
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HPV
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A patient has vaginal cancer. While the nurse is obtaining the history from the patient, what will the nurse typically find? The patient was exposed to: -Exposure in utero to nonsteroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES]) -HPV
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Exposure in utero to nonsteroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES])
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Which patient is most prone to penile cancer? -Latinos -Whites -Black who smokes
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Black male Smoke HPV
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A male patient has an abnormal dilation of the spermatic/testicular vein. What term will the nurse use to describe this condition? -Varicocele -Hydrocele -Spermatocele -Crytochidism
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Varicocele --> Caused by inadequate or absent valves
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Scrotal swelling caused by collection of fluid within the membrane around the testes [The most common cause of testicular swelling] -Varicocele -Hydrocele -Spermatocele -Crytochidism
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Hydrocele - caused by trauma or infection
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A young male child's testes have failed to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. Which condition will the nurse observe documented on the chart? -Varicocele -Hydrocele -Spermatocele -Crytochidism
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Cryptorchidism
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Which of the following male reproductive disorders will cause the nurse to prepare the patient for surgery? -Testicular torsion -Rotation of the testis and twisting of the testicular blood vessels causing ischemia. -Orchitis -Cancer of the testis
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Testicular torsion [Causes necrosis & atrophy]
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Most common cause of orchitis is? -HPV -Mumps
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Mumps
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Cancer of the testes is most common in what ages?
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ages 15 and 35.
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Galaractorrhea is a disorder of the ? -Testes -Ovary -Breast -Scrotum
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Breast [Inappropriate lactation of the breast]
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A patient has benign breast disease with FIBROCYSTIC CHANGES. Which type of breast lesion does this patient have? -Nonproliferative breast lesions -Proliferative breast lesions -Proliferative breast lesions w/ atypic
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Non proliferative
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Begins as a skin lesion, spreading to lymphatic tissue on penis or scrotum in men or vaginal wall-cervix-labia -Chlamydia -Gonorrhea -Lymphogranuloma venereum -Syphilis -HPV
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Lymphogranuloma venereum
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____syphilis has more local manifestations and ______syphilis has systemic manifestations such as fever; malaise; sore throat; hoarseness, anorexia; joint pain; skin rash, and lesions
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*Primary *Secondary
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_____syphilis there is medical evidence of infection but ASYMPTOMATIC _____syphilis there is destructive systemic manifestations [asymptomatic as well]
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*Latent *Tertiary
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