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A nurse is asked what causes secondary amenorrhea. How should the nurse respond? Causes of secondary amenorrhea other than pregnancy and menopause include:

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thyroid disorders Answer Feedback: Pituitary tumors, thyroid disorders, and extreme weight loss can all result in secondary amenorrhea

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What complication will the nurse monitor for in a patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome?

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Infertility Answer Feedback: Polycystic ovarian syndrome results in stimulation of follicle growth without ovulation and generally leads to infertility.

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Which statement indicates a nurse needs more instruction regarding premenstrual syndrome (PMS)? PMS is the cyclic recurrence that can cause changes:

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financially Answer Feedback: Changes occurring with PMS are behavioral, physical, and psychological. Common problems include depression, headache, irritability, myalgias, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and sleep disturbance

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A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of pelvic inflammatory disease. Which information should the nurse include? Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by:

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sexually transmitted infections Answer Feedback: Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by infection with sexually transmitted organisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

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A female presents with cervicitis, pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and the presence of purulent cervical discharge. Which organism does the nurse suspect caused this condition?

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Trichomoniasis Answer Feedback: Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and gonorrhea are all sexually transmitted infections that can lead to cervicitis.

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A patient presents with protrusion of the uterus into the vaginal canal with occasional protrusion outside the vagina. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart? Uterine:

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prolapse Answer Feedback: Uterine prolapse is descent of the uterus into the vaginal canal, which can progress to protrusion outside of the vagina.

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A nurse recalls dermoid cysts are tumors that contain elements of skin, hair, glands, muscle, cartilage, and bone that can eventually develop into:

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ovarian cancer Answer Feedback: Dermoid cysts are ovarian tumors that are generally asymptomatic but must be removed to prevent the development of ovarian cancer.

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A patient has pain in the abdomen and pelvis occurring with dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dyspareunia, and adhesions. The nurse will plan to care for a patient with:

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endometriosis Answer Feedback: Endometriosis is the presence of ectopic endometrial glands that can be found throughout the body, especially in the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Endometriosis can lead to a wide variety of pelvic and abdominal symptoms.

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Which of the following statements indicates a patient needs more teaching about ovarian cancer?

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Women 45 years and younger are at the greatest risk of developing ovarian cancer Answer Feedback: The highest incidence of ovarian cancer is in elderly women

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A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of urethritis. Which information should the nurse include? Urethritis is a common disorder of the male urethra and is most commonly caused by:

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sexually transmitted infection. Answer Feedback: Urethritis is most often caused by sexually transmitted infections from microorganisms such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

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Which patient is most prone to penile cancer?

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Black male who smokes Answer Feedback: Major risk factors for developing penile cancer are human papillomavirus infection, smoking, and black race

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A male patient has an abnormal dilation of the spermatic/testicular vein. What term will the nurse use to describe this condition?

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Varicocele Answer Feedback: An abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord that can lead to infertility is known as a varicocele.

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A young male child's testes have failed to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum. Which condition will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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Cryptorchidism Answer Feedback: With cryptorchidism, the testicle may remain in the abdomen or arrest in the inguinal canal instead of descending into the scrotum.

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What must the nurse monitor for in a patient who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

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Urethral obstruction Answer Feedback: Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of prostatic tissue in BPH lead to the formation of nodules that compress the urethra and cause urethral obstruction.

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Which patient should be assessed first for cervical cancer? A patient:

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who has an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Answer Feedback: Most cases of cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia are associated with HPV, a sexually transmitted infection

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A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhea. Which information should the nurse include? Excessive uterine contractions and endometrial shedding resulting in painful menstruation is a result of:

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excessive prostaglandin levels. Answer Feedback: Primary dysmenorrhea is the result of excessive prostaglandin F2 alpha levels in the myometrium and endometrium

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To prevent prostate cancer, which diet should the nurse encourage men to consume? A diet low in:

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fat. Answer Feedback: A diet high in fat is a risk factor for prostate cancer

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The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Which factor should the nurse include?

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Decreased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Answer Feedback: Decreased levels of DHT are associated with the development of prostate cancer

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A patient has benign breast disease. Which type of breast lesion does this patient have?

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Nonproliferative Answer Feedback: Nonproliferative, proliferative, and atypical hyperplasia (proliferative with atypia) are examples of benign breast disease

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A nurse is asked which of the following hormonal abnormalities is associated with the development of breast cancer. What is the nurse's best response?

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Elevated estrogen Answer Feedback: Elevated estrogen and progesterone are associated with the development of breast cancer

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A 14-year-old girl has failed to menstruate and develop secondary sex characteristics. What term will the nurse use to describe this condition?

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Primary amenorrhea Answer Feedback: Failure to menstruate and develop secondary sex characteristics by age 14 is a condition called primary amenorrhea

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A woman has irregular menstrual cycles and heavy bleeding with no disease or physical problems. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe documented on the chart?

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Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Answer Feedback: Irregular and/or heavy bleeding is a condition called dysfunctional uterine bleeding

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A patient has the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). During the pain assessment which activity will the patient say lessens the pain?

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Resting Answer Feedback: The pain of PID may worsen with walking, jumping, or intercourse.

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A nurse is asked what causes vaginitis. How should the nurse respond? Vaginitis caused by infection is often related to:

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antibiotic use. Answer Feedback: Oral antibiotic use can decrease healthy levels of Lactobacillus acidophilus, resulting in overgrowth of normal vaginal flora

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A patient has a cystocele. What other condition should the nurse assess for in this patient?

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Stress incontinence Answer Feedback: A cystocele occurs when the bladder descends into the anterior aspect of the vaginal canal and usually results in bladder control problems such as stress incontinence

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A patient has adenomyosis. While the nurse is obtaining the history from the patient, what will the nurse typically find? The patient took:

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Answer Feedback: Adenomyosis commonly develops during the late reproductive years, with the highest incidence among women in their forties and women taking tamoxifen

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Which cancer is the nurse testing for when the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) is used for routine screening?

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Cervical Answer Feedback: The Pap smear is routinely used to screen for cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer

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A patient has vaginal cancer. While the nurse is obtaining the history from the patient, what will the nurse typically find? The patient was exposed to:

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Answer Feedback: Exposure in utero to nonsteroidal estrogens (diethylstilbestrol [DES]) also has been identified as a risk factor for vaginal cancer

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A nurse is teaching a class about risk factors for endometrial cancer. Which information should the nurse include? Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include:

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obesity, early menarche, and late menopause. Answer Feedback: Risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer include, among others, obesity, early menarche, and late menopause.

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Which of the following male reproductive disorders will cause the nurse to prepare the patient for surgery?

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Testicular torsion Answer Feedback: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency, since the rotation of the testes can interrupt the blood supply to the testes.

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A patient wants to know the difference between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). How should the nurse respond? PMDD has:

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depression. Answer Feedback: PMDD is the term often used to refer to the premenstrual disorder with a predominant psychosocial or functional impairment, similar to dysthymia and minor depression

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A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Which information should the nurse include? The major endocrine abnormality associated with the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome is:

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hyperinsulinemia. Answer Feedback: Hyperinsulinemia plays a key role in androgen excess and the subsequent development of polycystic ovarian syndrome

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Which of the following symptoms suggests that a woman should be carefully evaluated for breast cancer?

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All of the above Answer Feedback: Dimpling of the skin often occurs at the site of a tumor of the breast. When breast cancer metastasizes, the cancer cells first migrate to the axillary lymph nodes, manifesting with enlarged lymph nodes. Abnormal discharge from the nipple is also a sign of advanced breast cancer

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If sexual maturation occurs before age 6 in girls or age 9 in boys, which term should the nurse use to describe these conditions?

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Precocious puberty Answer Feedback: Early sexual maturation is a rare condition known as precocious puberty

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Which condition is the nurse assessing for when the results of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is monitored?

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Answer Feedback: The PSA test is used to screen for prostate tissue hyperplasia, which is present in BPH and prostate cancer

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Which patient has the greatest risk of developing testicular cancer? The male patient with a history of:

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cryptorchidism. Answer Feedback: The risk of testicular cancer is greater for men who have a history of cryptorchidism

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Which principle is most important for the nurse to remember when providing care to a patient with prostate cancer? Symptoms of prostate cancer are similar to:

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benign prostatic hyperplasia. Answer Feedback: The major symptom of prostate cancer is unrelieved urethral obstruction and decreased urinary flow. These problems also occur with BPH

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A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Which information should the nurse include? The most important risk factor in the development of prostate cancer is:

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older age. Answer Feedback: By age 85, one in six American men will develop prostate cancer and about 3% will die from

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A patient has galactorrhea. Which area is priority to assess?

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Breast Answer Feedback: Galactorrhea is marked by inappropriate lactation from the breast.

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Which of the following can the nurse suggest to women to protect against the development of breast cancer?

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Regular exercise Answer Feedback: Regular physical activity may reduce overall risk of breast cancer and may be related to weight loss and subsequent alterations in hormone levels.

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A male has overdevelopment of breast tissue. Which term should the nurse use to describe this condition?

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Gynecomastia Answer Feedback: Overdevelopment of breast tissue in males is a condition known as gynecomastia

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